Peter I on the right bank of the Yauza River settled a sailor's settlement. This fact gave the name to the street lying parallel to the river. And since under Catherine II old sailors lived there, the house was called sailor's house. Residents of the city tried to protect the peace of elderly citizens and drove quietly past the almshouse. So one more word was added to the name of the street. And now she began to be called Sailor Silence. Later there appeared a prison, popularly known as "Sailor Silence."
History tour
Prison “Sailor Silence” has its history since 1775. Then, by decree of Catherine II, a house was opened under the protectorate of the Charity Society at the place where the pre-trial detention center is located today. As usual in Russian prisons, later, in 1850, the Orthodox Church of All Sorrows was consecrated in this building, and in the twentieth century a bell tower appeared there.
The house for the "prejudice" in its original state did not exist for long. By 1870, it was renamed the Moscow Correctional Prison. The new institution was designed for 150 women and 300 men. The goal of the prison was declared: "to give this rabble a well-known craft." The rabble, in turn, was considered prisoners - petty criminals, thieves, swindlers.
Gradually, the area of the correctional institution expanded. In 1912, the architect B.A. Alberti designed and built new prison buildings. And by 1917, the institution went bankrupt.
In 1918, a kind of reformation fell into prison again. In the institution, on the basis of the already existing correctional institution, the Central Penitentiary Department of the NKJ established the Reformatory. It was a kind of correctional institution with a medical and pedagogical bias. We studied, re-educated and prepared for the workdays of young people aged 17 to 21 years. However, the Reformer operated for a short time. After 11 months, in 1919, he ceased to exist.
According to archival data, the history of the Sailor Silence prison itself began in late 1946. At the site of the current detention center was the Tannery colony. Beginning in 1945, they began to transform the children's colony; on its basis, Prison No. 14 was established at the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Moscow Region.
Reconstruction
As of 1947, there were two sensitive facilities on the territory of the institution, the first and second buildings, respectively. The Sailor Silence prison at the same time could receive more than 2000 prisoners. In addition to this, on the territory of the establishment there were also outbuildings:
- boiler room, which continues to function today;
- wood-built barracks-type residential buildings for employees;
- administration building;
- hut for staff.
For the prisoners' walks, special areas were equipped on the territory of the farm. The walking courtyard had the appearance of a circle surrounded by a wooden fence around the perimeter. The guard on the towers and outside was carried out by military personnel of the internal troops of Moscow from the Bogorodskaya division.
A little later, in 1949, a third building was built to contain prisoners. He had the status of a special prison and had his own entrance (from the psychiatric hospital No. 3), as well as his superiors and a separate guard. Mostly the pending tribunal, Nazi criminals and convicts working in the Special Technical Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (inventors, designers, engineers) served their sentences. In the people, such prisons were called "sharashkin offices." The life in one of these “sharashka” was described in detail in his book “In the First Circle” by Alexander Isaakievich Solzhenitsyn.
Since the beginning of 1950, for two years, the administrative buildings of the prison have been converted. The first and second sensitive facilities were supplemented by 4th and 5th floors and walking yards. Until now, convicts have been walking on the territory of these courtyards located on the roofs of buildings.
At the beginning of the 1950s, administrative decisions aimed at dividing such institutions into city and regional ones led to the need to expand Prison No. 14. In this regard, it was renamed Prison No. 1, better known among the people as the “Sailor's Prison” Silence".
After the death of Beria L.P., since 1953, juvenile offenders were serving their sentences in Building No. 3. The prison service was engaged in the education of adolescents (the convicts had the opportunity to get a secondary education), employment - juvenile prisoners, working in workshops at the prison, made envelopes, Christmas decorations and other consumer goods. Earned money could be spent on your needs by purchasing available goods in a stall. The children's prison lasted until 1997. After that, it was decided to reconstruct and repair the third building. And since 1999, it has become a tuberculosis unit at a prison hospital.
The prisoner hospital itself was housed in the renovated and reconstructed buildings of the former housing stock of prison staff. The institution serves not only the “Sailor Silence”, but also all the pre-trial detention centers in Moscow. The hospital has about 706 hospital beds (beds).
The last decades in the territory of "Sailor Silence" constantly undergoing various construction and repair work:
- in 1997, a catering unit (equipped with modern equipment) was commissioned;
- in 1987 - TSC;
- in the early 90s, the third building was renovated;
- In the mid-2000s, the first building of the prison was overhauled
- in accordance with sanitary standards, cells for convicted and detainees are equipped;
- courtyards for walks are covered with a roof;
- Today, the overhaul of the second prison building is underway.
According to the leadership of the prison service, the necessary work is constantly being carried out in order to maintain the buildings of the institution in good condition. Today, Sailor Silence Prison has 7 buildings.
Detention Center No. 1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Officially, the creation date of pre-trial detention center No. 1 is considered September 1, 1985. On the basis of the order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, detention center No. 1 was created on the basis of the seventh security corps of the prison. Already long ago, this institution was nicknamed "Sailor Silence" among the people. Address: Moscow city, Matrosskaya Tishina street, 18. It is located in the Eastern administrative district of the capital. The total area of the institution is 41,438 square meters. m
Initially, the limit of prisoners who could be kept in jail did not exceed 200 people. The pre-trial detention center was intended for isolation for the period of investigative actions and trial of persons in respect of whom strict supervisory measures were necessary.
In 2001, focusing on international standards with respect to the size of the area per one detained, a restriction was placed on the filling of the prison.
But, unfortunately, in fact, the rules are not implemented. According to official data, pre-trial detention center No. 1 is designed for 2013 people, but the actual content exceeds this indicator by 21.3% and amounts to 2441 people.
Today, having passed the chain of renaming for all the years of its existence, the institution of the penitentiary service has been renamed the Federal State Institution “Detention Unit No. 1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia” (short name PKU SIZO-1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia).
In addition to pre-trial detention center 1, Moscow has seven more pre-trial detention facilities. Among them are the equally famous Butyrka and Lefortovo.
Famous prisoners
It is not surprising that Moscow became the location of one of the most famous prisons in Russia. “Sailor Silence” is a strict regime facility. Over the entire period of its operation, only three cases of successful escape are officially known:
- June 5, 1995 - a member of one of the criminal groups A.V. Solonik;
- May 2, 2004 - the escape of citizen S. Ershov, who was detained during the day;
- On May 7, 2013, having entered into a conspiracy with an employee of the pre-trial detention center, the thief and killer O. Topalov fled, he was also later detained.
The list of famous prisoners who happened to serve their sentences in Sailor Silence is quite large. Among them are Soviet political figures Yanaev G.I. and Yazov D.T., businessmen Lebedev P.L. and Khodorkovsky M.B., Mavrodi S.P. and many others.
Modernity
Today, Sailor Silence Prison is conditionally open to representatives of the media and various public organizations. Periodically, they conduct a kind of excursion to show the life and conditions of the prisoners.
Naturally, during such events, visitors are shown the best cameras, places of rest, and so on. In contrast to this, periodically in the media there are reports of violations of the rights of prisoners, non-compliance with detention standards, hunger strikes, riots, escape attempts, deaths and other unpleasant moments that allow us to judge that everything is not so smooth in jail No. 1. Moreover, such minuses observed not only on the part of prisoners. So, about a year ago, information appeared that the reduction in the staff of the FSIN has led to a significant reduction. This gave rise to fears from the overseers of the pre-trial detention center No. 1. As the employees of the prison service admitted, it became simply dangerous to work because of the reduction in the number of overseers.
Under such conditions, it becomes clear that more than one year will be spent on bringing the state of Russian prisons to international standards.