Vision is perhaps one of the main feelings of a person, because thanks to the eyes, people receive the most information. In order to see the world with a clear, sharp gaze, a very complex process takes place in the human body associated with the eyes and brain. If the slightest malfunction occurs in this system, then vision fails and leads to myopia and farsightedness.
Myopia
Medical statistics suggest that one in four people has problems with myopia. This disease is characterized by the fact that visual acuity decreases and objects that are far away are poorly perceived. This process is associated with large refraction in the optical system of the eyes, which does not correspond to the length of its axis. Myopia can develop as a disease and leads to a gradual visual impairment. Or it progresses at a certain point, and vision is constantly in poor condition and does not change over the course of many years.
Farsightedness
This eye disease can be called the opposite of myopia, since the problem of farsightedness is associated with the perception of objects at close range. But, if there is an in-depth problem of farsightedness, then the perception of objects at a long distance is impaired. This problem occurs due to a short eyeball or flat cornea. Such a state does not allow light rays entering the eye to be refracted to the extent that would be sufficient for focus on the retina. Therefore, the image focuses not on the retina, but behind it. Usually, such a disease is characteristic of people over 40 years old, this problem is also often found in newborn children.
The difference between myopia and farsightedness
In order for a person to be able to normally see a picture at any distance, the optical axis must have the correct direction, and it should focus on the retina. Light rays provide information about the image, which is transmitted through the cornea and lens. Further, this information is sent to the retina to be converted into a nerve impulse. The beam enters the part of the brain that is responsible for the visual apparatus through the optic nerve. In the event that the process of refraction of the rays occurs outside the retina, then visual acuity worsens, and at the same time it has a different distance.
It is necessary to clearly distinguish between myopia and farsightedness. What this is already described above in the article, but in simple words it can be said that these two symptoms differ in how far you can see.
Causes of Myopia and Hyperopia
Eye disease in itself does not occur, there are reasons for all this. In order not to have problems with vision, you need to know how myopia and farsightedness arise.
The causes of myopia:
- Heredity. If one of the parents suffers from a similar problem, then there is a high probability that children will also inherit this pathology.
- Work at close range. This mainly applies to those people who work a lot with a computer. Students who have not yet fully developed the body are considered the most vulnerable to this problem.
- Weakened body. Various health problems belong to this factor: birth injuries, poor immunity, infectious diseases, overwork and so on.
- Eyeball shape .
- Poor visual conditions.
The causes of farsightedness:
- Reducing the size of the eyeball on the front and rear axles.
- Age reason. Infants are almost always born with farsightedness problems. In addition, people over 25 can already begin to feel visual impairment, but only by the age of 45 this problem becomes pronounced.
Basically, as was said, the causes of myopia and farsightedness arise throughout life, since many people are exposed to modern environmental conditions.
How to diagnose hyperopia and myopia
So, it has already become clear how myopia and farsightedness arise, what it is, but how to diagnose them in time? Untimely contact with a specialist can lead to loss of vision. To avoid this, one must understand the difference between myopia and farsightedness. What is it and how to deal with the problem can only be said by an ophthalmologist.
For farsightedness, the following symptoms are characteristic:
- Items at close range are poorly viewed.
- Eyes get tired quickly when reading.
- When working, headaches, burning eyes may occur.
- Frequent inflammation of the eyes (conjunctivitis, barley).
If at least one factor has been noticed, it is imperative to contact an ophthalmologist who will check eyesight on a pretreat or using a computer method.
Myopia also has its own symptoms, which must be determined in time. You can independently notice that vision is impaired, but basically only a specialist can conduct such a diagnosis.
- Vision is determined using glasses.
- Diagnosis of refraction and keratometry.
- Measurement of eye length using ultrasound.
- Examination of the fundus.
The sooner all studies are done, the more effective the treatment.
Children's vision problem
The modern world adversely affects the state of the eyes. This is especially true for young children and adolescents. Myopia and hyperopia in children is quite common. Hyperopia for children is considered the norm and by the age of 11, as a rule, everything is getting better, but there are times when the problem persists and leads to serious visual impairment.
There are times when children do not complain about vision problems and hyperopia proceeds in a latent form. This can lead to a general deterioration in the health of the child: irritability, headaches, poor health. This problem is solved only after a competent examination and treatment.
Another situation is with myopia. Since this problem has many factors that cause eye disease: heredity, congenital abnormalities, prematurity, eye strain, poor nutrition, various infections.
The first examination by a doctor is carried out at the age of 3 months, in which the optometrist looks at the size and shape of the eyeballs, how the baby reacts and focuses his eyes on bright objects.
Correction
In time, certain problems with vision are solved quite simply. Regardless, myopia and farsightedness is a hereditary or acquired disease, you can be cured with the help of laser correction. This method has established itself as an effective treatment for such problems in many countries of the world. People get rid after correction in the need to use glasses or lenses.
How is myopia and hyperopia corrected? It should be noted that for each individual person there is a method, since the eyes of each of us are unique, like fingerprints.
This procedure is quick and very safe. After the ophthalmologist conducts a series of studies and analyzes, he proceeds to an operation, after which the patient returns his vision. Correction is performed using local anesthesia, its duration is about 20 minutes, but all the manipulations associated with the laser take no more than a minute.
Hospitalization after surgery is not required. It is enough to stay in the hospital for several hours. The result will be noticeable the very next day, and full recovery of vision comes after one week.
Correction does not contribute to visual impairment in the long run, on the contrary, this process is irreversible and remains forever.
Eye Treatment
Traditional medicine finds many ways to restore focus. Treatment is possible if glasses for myopia and farsightedness are used, in which concave lenses are used for myopia and convex for farsightedness.
Also, lenses were often used for myopia and farsightedness. At first, a person may feel some difficulties in handling them, but over time it becomes very practical and convenient.
But keeping pace with the times, people using modern methods of treatment are able to get rid of such diseases, and completely abandon the use of glasses or lenses.
Positive and negative points when wearing lenses and glasses
It is possible to correct the problem of vision with glasses and lenses, but it should be borne in mind that they have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Points Benefits:
- When using glasses, it is impossible to bring microbes into the eyes, since they do not touch the cornea, therefore they do not provoke all kinds of infectious diseases.
- For them, there is no need for special care and the use of various solutions, which certainly saves money.
- Acceptable price.
- Appearance is changing, with successfully selected glasses, you can change your image for the better.
Disadvantages:
- The frame can put pressure on the bridge of the nose.
- In the case of a high degree of myopia, glasses with thick glass are used, and they visually reduce the eyes.
- Broken or lost.
- Glasses fog up. And when it rains, it is almost impossible to wear.
- Lateral vision is still distorted.
Lens Benefits:
- Do not distort the image.
- They are not visible before our eyes and they do not change the appearance of a person.
- Do not fog, do not get wet in rainy weather.
- Do not break.
- Lateral vision is not limited.
Lens disadvantages:
- If they are not used correctly, then the cornea can be injured.
- Putting them on and off daily.
- Lost, torn.
- If a speck gets into the eye, then its extraction is possible only when removing the lens.
- Requires special care.
Here everyone already chooses what he is best to use.
Contraindications for vision restoration
If there are practically no contraindications for wearing lenses and glasses, then in cases of laser correction you should know when it does not need to be done.
- If the woman is in position.
- During lactation.
- Diabetes.
- Glaucoma or cataract.
- If the fundus has irreversible changes.
- Inflammatory processes of the body.
It can be said that myopia and farsightedness can be cured. Treatment should be timely, since advanced forms are difficult to correct.
Prevention
Myopia and farsightedness can be prevented in advance. Prevention of these diseases is slightly different. For myopia:
- It is necessary to perform visual gymnastics.
- Lighting during operation must be correct.
- Reading in vehicles should be avoided.
- If for a long time a person is at the computer, then every half hour you need to be distracted and do physical exercises for the eyes.
For farsightedness:
In this situation, only therapeutic intervention will help. But, so as not to suffer from a similar problem in old age, experts advise eating more walnuts, carrots, beets, parsley, etc.
So, now it has become clear myopia and farsightedness, what it is and how these diseases differ. If you pay attention to myopia, farsightedness, and treatment on time, you can save your eyesight.
If a person’s short-sightedness can be inherited or earn it for himself, then farsightedness is a normal occurrence at the birth of a person, and this is the disease that overtakes people in old age. It is worth taking care of your health, and especially your eyesight.