The word "orthodox" in the understanding of modern society, as a rule, is associated with religion. This applies to Orthodox believers, and Muslims, and adherents of certain philosophical movements. In fact, the Orthodox is not necessarily associated with religion.
Terminology and Examples
The word itself came from “orthodox”, which in translation into Russian means “correct”, “direct opinion”, “correct teaching”. Often it is used in the context of a religious movement. For example, in Judaism, among many different directions, there are Orthodox ones. The Orthodox faith is also called the orthodox throughout the world.
In philosophy, the term is quite appropriate. It means something radical, on the verge of reason. Orthodox philosophical schools, whose teachings are close to religious, are not uncommon for Indian and Chinese cultures. It’s no secret that most Asian communities have radical attitudes. But they are also found in Europe. The same Marxism, which is a prime example of radical philosophy.
Orthodox trend in Christianity
Among the current trends, one of the most famous world religions and the most stringent is the Orthodox faith. It is sometimes referred to as radical trends. Translated into many languages, Orthodox is Orthodox as well. That is, one name alone makes one think about the truth of such an association. Secondly, it is precisely this trend in Christianity that is the most stringent in terms of rites and rules. Divine services in Orthodox churches, unlike Catholic or Protestant ones, are carried out while standing (and sometimes on your knees). None of the Christian movements have such strict and numerous fasts and obediences. On the other hand, many Orthodox do not consider their observance mandatory. What can not be said about other Christian trends.
Orthodox in Judaism
According to the believers themselves, this current allows a person to live in harmony with his own mind and conscience. Among the Jews, the Orthodox is a deeply religious believer, often exposing his beliefs. True, in the modern world, such behavior is not always appropriate and not everyone is comfortable. It is this fact that became fundamental for the emergence of orthodox modernism, according to which it is quite possible to adhere to all the same principles without breaking away from modern civilization.
In Israel, there are quite a few people following this particular trend, bordering on Zionism. According to some philosophers, such an adaptation not only did not harm the Orthodox religious movements of the Jews, but also benefited them. Thanks to the modernization of concepts, such communities do not cease to attract young people. And this is extremely important for any religion, philosophical school and even an interest club.
Orthodox Jews are distinguished not only by behavioral aspects (reading the Torah, restrictions on food intake, holidays), but also externally (by clothing, wearing various characters). Similar trends are characteristic of most world religions, in particular Islam. What can not be said about orthodox modernism.
Philosophical schools of the east
In India and China, the Orthodox is the norm. There are a lot of schools and movements, both religious and based on science or logic. Most of them are on the verge of these concepts.
So, in India, among the most numerous and popular, one can mention Nyaya (a symbiosis of Buddhism and logic), Sankhyu (orthodox philosophy of numbers), Yoga, and the Brahminist Purva-mimansa, known throughout the world. There are a number of areas united by the common name Vedanta (syncret of theology, cosmology and religion).
There are a great many Orthodox movements in the world. Some of them are religious in nature, while others are philosophical. There are also intermediate options. They are mainly inherent in the East, but are found in Western cultures. Despite the significant differences, there is one principle that unites them all - this is faith. In God, in the Higher Mind, in the truth of one’s own convictions or the correctness of actions.