Every year, many students make holograms. They need it to perform certain tasks. In fact, the manufacturing process is very simple. The main thing is to have at your disposal about 30 minutes of free time and a dark, quiet room. This is very important, since it will not work to make a hologram at home in daylight.
What you need to create a hologram
What is the hologram made of? How to make a quality product without special expensive equipment? Everything is simple. It is enough to collect all the necessary materials and find a secluded place. To make a hologram you will need:
- Setting objects for photographing.
- Camera.
- Helium Neon Laser.
- Developer for film.
- Lantern with green light.
- Hair dryer for drying hair.
- A flashlight or a slide projector.
Hologram - what is it?
What is a hologram? How to make it right? The answers to these questions are simple and lie on the surface. It is enough to understand only what a hologram is. In fact, this is a snapshot of the interference image, which is formed by several beams of light directed from different sides directly at the object. But that is not all. Beams of light must come from the same source. However, they must have a fixed phase difference.
Optical installation
Now you know what a hologram is. How to make it at home at little cost? Many people think that this is simply impossible. However, it is not. A hologram is usually made using a special photo setting. If desired, it can also be done independently. On the main frame, it is necessary to fix a rectangular frame made of tubes with a square section. A similar blank should be installed on a sufficiently strong plywood sheet. In this case, the design must be stable. The object to be photographed should be placed on the additional handset.
The main detail of this installation is an optical bench, the length of which is half a meter. On it you need to install several holders for tripods. They will be screwed into the lens. The latter should be biconcave. The focal length of the lens should be 3 centimeters. The optical bench should be painted with matte black paint.
First stage
The finished optical installation must be placed on a table or a stable base. To remove harmful vibrations, you can place coffee cans filled with loose material under the table legs. Now you need to take a sheet of white paper and cut it so that its parameters correspond to the size of the film. After that, it must be placed on the glass, which is inserted into the retaining frame. Lenses should be adjusted so that their center is on the same axis as the center of the paper.
Hologram: how to make
To get a hologram, you have to use a helium-neon laser, which has an output power of 5 MW. The device must be turned on, and then adjust its height. The laser beam should illuminate a sheet of paper evenly. All elements of the system must be carefully adjusted. The optical bench should be fixed on the base and note the position of the holders.
After that, you can take a picture of the object. Exposure time is usually determined by the sensitivity of the film. This indicator can be from a split second to several seconds. During photography, the structure should be level and still. It is worth considering that any vibration will lead to distortion.
Film handling
So, your hologram is almost ready. How to make it brighter? After the shot, you need to process the film with a bleaching mixture. Preparing such a substance is very simple. To do this, mix 900 milliliters of water with 30 grams of iron sulfate and the same amount of potassium bromide. After preparation, the volume of the composition must be brought to one liter.
The film should be developed in green light. To dry the finished photo material, you can use a regular hair dryer. That's all. Now you know how to make a 3D hologram.