Today, every home has a TV. He acts as a source of information, an entertaining resource. The history of the invention of these devices totals about 90 years. It is closely related to the development of television - a way of transmitting images at any distance.
History of TVs
The first discoveries of scientists in the field of television are associated with a detailed study and development of photomechanical processes, the discovery of the photographic properties of chemical elements. The achievements of many physicists formed the basis of the first television, for example, Bane's facsimile device, Nipkov's scanning disk.
Mechanical television period
In 1906, M. Dickmann and G. Glaghe patented the Brown handset, and the following year they presented a television receiver with a 20-line screen 3 x 3 cm in size and a scan speed of 10 frames per second.
In 1907, Professor B. Rosing patented the "image transmission method." The first experiment was not entirely successful: the first picture was motionless. A cathode ray tube was used to demonstrate the image, and a scan was used to transmit data. This method is also used in modern TV models.
In 1929, television sets were produced by the American corporation Western Television. The peculiarity was a small screen on which it was difficult to consider something. The device could only be used with a radio. He caught the video signal and transmitted the image to the screen.
The evolution of televisions is inextricably linked with the discovery of electric vacuum devices. Since 1934, the DFR, the German Television Broadcasting television station, began operating on the territory of the German state, and it transmitted a 180-line signal. In Germany in 1936, the events of the Berlin Sports Olympiad were widely covered by direct broadcasting.
In the same year, the German manufacturing company Telefunken began mass production of televisions with picture tubes. At the same time, the United Kingdom began to manufacture television sets with a scan frequency of 405 lines - the image had the greatest clarity at that time.
The first TVs in Russia
In 1938, television was broadcast by the Experienced Leningrad Telecentre. To receive the signal, 20 VRK television sets were released with 13 X 17.5 cm screens. In Moscow, broadcasting began in 1939. The first program is a documentary about the opening of the XVIII Congress of the Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Reception was carried out by more than 100 TK-1 television receivers having a screen size of 14 X 18 centimeters. The first television sets were used for viewing by groups of citizens. In 1949, the KVN-49 device appeared in the USSR with a decomposition frequency of 625 lines.
TV sales growth
By the middle of the 20th century, there were more than 10 million devices in America. This is due to high purchasing power, the presence of industrial enterprises producing weapons and tanks during the war. In peacetime, they were reprofiled for the manufacture of electronic devices used in everyday life in every family.
Particularly popular were television radios - instruments consisting of a radio receiver, record player, and television.
Color tv
In 1950, the United States operated a television broadcasting system by CBS, which was later canceled due to the inability to play on black and white screens. Since 1953, broadcasting in color has been operating on the territory of the Soviet Union in an experimental manner. An electric motor with special light filters was connected to a working receiver. In 1955, this scheme was closed due to the complexity of the design.
A mandatory step in the evolution of TVs is the discovery of standards that transmit color images to black and white receivers. Two color television systems began operating in the 1960s: the German PAL and the French SECAM. The latter was recognized as the best by the results of lengthy tests when transmitting images and sound over long distances. It was used on the territory of the USSR.
The discovery of color imaging capabilities led to the modernization of televisions and the production of color receivers. The first instrument to transmit information in color, in 1953, was the RCA CT-100, working on the American NTSC system.
Japanese electronics companies quickly launched the production of color TVs. Their active implementation in American markets began in the middle of the 20th century.
High definition television
In the 90s of the XX century, systems appeared that made it possible to reduce the amount of interference in the transmission and reception of signals at any distance.
The next stage in the evolution of TVs has become the era of digital television.
Computerization of all spheres of human life has led to the discovery of digital coding and minimization of losses in data compression for subsequent transmission. The development of the American standard ATSC, Japanese ISDB-T and European DVB-T, it was decided to lead to common requirements.
Improving the signal transmission channels has led to the next stage in the evolution of televisions, a change in external characteristics. This was manifested in a decrease in the volume of the tube, an increase in the screen of the television receiver diagonally. The opening of plasma panels, LED, liquid crystal, allowed to reduce the depth of the device to several centimeters.
Internet tv
Prospects for the development of television sets are inextricably linked with the influence of the Internet on human life. Earlier used on-air, cable, satellite technology for transmitting television data. Now Internet, smart, IPTV television is popular.
The sales of TVs with high-quality characteristics of the image, sound are constantly growing. Buyers have a difficult choice when buying a conventional household appliance. Size, curvature of the screen, resolution, matrix technology, 3D support, maximum Wi-Fi bandwidth, price - this is an incomplete list of factors determining the acquisition of the desired model. Undoubtedly, the further evolution of televisions is associated with the development of Internet technologies, the discovery of new substances, inventions in the field of electronic industry.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the invention of scientists, the discovery of new photographic properties of materials laid the foundation for the development of television. The first receivers were bulky, with small screens. The image on the first television sets did not move, only general outlines were visible.
Experimental ways opened up new methods of data transfer. The war of 1941-1945 prevented the improvement of television sets on the territory of the USSR. But the United States and Japan have succeeded in modernizing television sets. The evolution of televisions is clearly visible in the photo presented in the article in chronological order.
The possibilities of transmitting data via the Internet, connecting devices directly to web channels, discovering scientists and introducing developments to reduce the picture tube and increase the screen diagonal have led to significant changes in the appearance of televisions.