Since ancient times, all the peoples inhabiting our planet, an important role was assigned to transport. As for the modern stage, the importance of vehicles has grown disproportionately. Today, the existence of any country cannot be imagined without powerful transport.
New advances in science and technology
The twentieth century was marked by gigantic transformations that took place in all spheres of human activity. Air transport was no exception. Its development was facilitated by the growth of the world's population, an increase in the amount of material resources consumed, urbanization, social, political and many other factors.
The
scientific and technological revolution that has occurred has made it possible to change air transport not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively. It is worth saying that at all times, vehicles have been a special dynamic system. It was the transport system that served as practically the first consumer of various discoveries and achievements in the scientific field. In many cases, it was she who acted as the direct customer of the advanced developments.
It is difficult to name any area of research that would not apply to the improvement of vehicles. For their progress, the results of physical and thermodynamic developments are used. Physicists and mathematicians take a considerable part in the development of transport. Engaged to solve this problem, mechanics and chemists, astronomers and geologists, biologists and many other scientists. The development of transport, including air transport, is facilitated by the results of applied research conducted in the fields of mechanical engineering and metallurgy, structural mechanics and automation, astronautics and electronics.
Need for further development
In modern conditions, air transport is one of the fastest growing vehicles. In the main directions of development of the national economy and civil aviation, he plays an important role. The development of air transport for the country is simply necessary.
The main goal, which is pursued in this case, is to increase the volume of transportation of goods and passengers over long distances and in remote areas. At the same time, the requirements for air transport are increasing. It should become more economical and regular, comfortable and safe. To achieve these goals, you will need new in-depth studies of various scientific sectors, as well as more serious experimental development.
Features of air transport
Aviation is the youngest and fastest direction, designed to carry out communication links between different regions. At the same time, it is the most expensive industry.
Air transport in Russia is an important part of the country's national economy. With its help, medicines and mail, industrial and food products are delivered to the most inaccessible corners.
It is worth saying that aviation is the most advanced mode of transport. She does not need roads and is not afraid of various obstacles. It was thanks to aviation that mankind got the opportunity to go into space.
Air transport has a number of undeniable advantages. First of all, it is high speed. At the same time, important maneuverability is achieved when organizing passenger transportation. In addition, modern airlines provide non-stop flights over significant distances.
What kind of aircraft are used in modern aviation?
The types of air transport that are used in the national economy of the country are not so diverse. In modern aviation, aircraft are used, which are represented by various models of aircraft and helicopters. All of them are widely used for various tasks.
In the national economy, much work is assigned to helicopters. These are aircraft that rise into the air with the help of rotating blades located on a vertical shaft. Helicopters use:
- during construction and installation works;
- in the sanitary treatment service;
- in agriculture;
- during the construction of pipelines;
- to deal with forest fires;
- for mail transportation;
- to assist in geological exploration;
- as a means of monitoring traffic on the roads;
- to communicate with weather stations located in high mountain regions.
Transportation of goods by air, represented by a fleet of helicopters, is carried out over short distances.
The principle of aircraft flight is in the interaction of the engine traction force and the wing lift force.
Application differences
In modern aviation , the following types of air transport are distinguished:
- for passenger transportation;
- to move goods;
- cargo-passenger (combined):
- educational;
- special purpose (sanitary, agricultural, fire, etc.).
Such gradation is applied depending on the industry of application, as well as on the purpose of the aircraft.
The difference in technical and operational parameters
For passenger air transport, a characteristic such as capacity is applied. For cargo aircraft, their carrying capacity is important. For combined air transport, the technical and operational parameter is the flight range without landing, as well as speed. According to the latter indicator, separate types of aircraft are also distinguished . The speed of the aircraft may be less than the speed of sound. There are supersonic aircraft.
Government
Air transport of passengers and goods is in Russia under the direct control of the state. The country has linear departments and offices that oversee the work of this industry. At the same time, each airline pays a tax on the service of dispatchers.
The main executive authority, which exercises control over air transport, is the Federal Agency of the Federal Air Transport Agency. Its main tasks:
- the provision of services ensuring the smooth operation of air transport;
- issuance of licenses for admission to flights on international and domestic lines;
- certification of companies providing aircraft flights;
- Supervising the work of educational institutions of the aviation industry.
Flight crew
Air traffic management is no easy task. The flight crew includes navigators and pilots, as well as cadets of flying schools, who are fit for this work according to the conclusion of the medical commission and can fulfill their functional duties.
Each member of the crew during the flight is obliged to comply implicitly with all the instructions given by the flight control authority. You can only depart from the route if there is a threat to the safety and life of people who are on board the aircraft.
To navigators and pilots must be issued tolerances:
- to training flights, which are carried out in the daytime or at night;
- to flights on a new modification of the aircraft;
- to special flights.
Moreover, all tolerances must be entered in the flight book. Regardless of the position held, each crew member must undergo an annual audit on various types of flight preparation. Moreover, its results should also be recorded in the flight book.
There are certain standards of rest and raid of the aircraft crew. So, you can stay in the air for no more than twelve hours. Such a norm is established for the flight crew of air airliners. Helicopter crews must have a daily flight time of not more than eight hours.
Security
In air transport, all measures must be taken to ensure that the flight does not constitute a danger to passengers. In this regard, the Federal Air Transport Agency carried out a ban on the transport of liquid on board the aircraft. This restriction is valid at all airports in the country.
The Air Transport Administration - the Federal Air Transport Agency - notes that the threat of terrorist attacks on air transport has not been eliminated. In connection with this situation, a directive was sent to all organizations related to civil aviation, as well as to all airports, indicating the need to implement all safety measures. According to this document, a passenger is not entitled to carry any liquid in his hand luggage. This prohibition also applies to personal hygiene products. They must be checked in with baggage, which is checked using technical devices for inspection. Only after this, the liquid can be placed on board the aircraft.
In the event that the passenger needs to carry medicines during the flight, they can be carried as part of hand luggage only after inspection by the airport security services.
Passengers should take such measures with understanding, because they are taken to ensure flight safety.