The presence of strabismus gives people a lot of trouble. This is a cosmetic and psychological problem. Pathology is distinguished by the location of the pupil, the mobility of the eyeball. As a person with strabismus sees, it is told in the article.
Development mechanism
Considering the topic, as a person with strabismus sees, you should familiarize yourself with the principle of development of this pathology. Each organ of vision has 6 muscles. With their help, a synchronous movement of the eyeballs is provided. When changing the direction of view, both eyes must perform simultaneous and unidirectional movement.
As a result, the gaze will be at 1 point of the subject in question. And in violation of the coordinated work of the visual muscles, the eyes move and look in different directions. This pathology is called strabismus. But in medicine it is called strabismus or heterotropy.
Strabismus is an ophthalmic ailment that can be detected without a doctor. Many attribute pathology to an aesthetic defect, not believing that this leads to functional visual impairment. The reasons for the failure of the synchronous operation of the visual muscles are different, but they determine the type and nature of the ailment. As a person sees with strabismus and without, it is noticeably different. The manifestations of pathology are described below.
Symptoms
How do people with strabismus see it? Usually this condition manifests itself in the form of:
- doubling of objects (but not always);
- rapid eye fatigue from reading and working with a PC;
- headaches;
- Dizziness
- impaired vision;
- squinting;
- forced uncomfortable position of the head, turned or inclined;
- lack of stereo perception.
Pictures, as a person sees with strabismus, make it possible to assess his condition. Keep in mind that the perception of the world is noticeably different than that of ordinary people.
Imaging
How does a person with strabismus see? Such people do not have stereoscopic vision, so they are not able to perceive surrounding objects in three-dimensional dimensions. This is due to the fact that when you look at an object, the image reflected from it on various parts of the retina is reflected from it.
Therefore, the CNS visual analyzer is not able to merge 2 images into a single whole, so two images are formed. The brain protests against this optical discomfort, including a defensive mechanism that ignores the image of a defective eye.
It should be borne in mind that with a long course of the disease, a person has a functional decrease in vision or amblyopia. In this case, one eye sees almost nothing. They call him lazy because he is disconnected from the visual process. Given the mechanism for the development of pathology, how does a person with strabismus see? Such people look with monocular vision; they cannot perceive it in a volume and full way.
Causes
As cross-eyed children and adults see the world, there are no differences. The causes of this pathology can be congenital and acquired. This is often associated with:
- abnormalities of the intrauterine development of the child;
- optical impairment of visual acuity;
- neurological problems;
- complications after infections;
- oculomotor muscle abnormalities;
- stress and mental illness;
- serious head injuries;
- inadequate load on the visual system;
- rapid deterioration in visual acuity of one eye.
If the eye even squints a little, then this is a symptom of the development of pathology. In a child, this deviation should be identified by the parents. In this case, you need to contact an ophthalmologist who at an early stage will stop the development of the disease and correct the defect.
In adults, strabismus has a different origin. How do people with strabismus see it? A photo will make it clear. If the disease is from childhood, then this means that the habit of seeing the world flat formed. In this case, pathology does not cause a person inconvenience.
If the deviation appeared from external factors, then the main sign of strabismus is considered not only an aesthetic flaw. This is due to the fact that in adults, the adaptive effect of the brain is reduced, so they can not turn off the image of the sick eye. There is double vision, dizziness, headaches. To get a convenient viewing angle, a person squints one eye and constantly tilts his head in one direction.
Varieties
To understand how people with strabismus see the world, you should familiarize yourself not only with the causes, but also with the types of disease. It differs in several ways:
- type: hidden, imaginary and true;
- form: friendly, paralytic and atypical;
- view: converging, diverging, vertical and mixed;
- eye involvement: one-sided and intermittent.
The complex structure of the visual system is associated with the presence of many types and forms of pathology. The success of conservative and surgical treatment of deviations depends on their correct classification.
Forms of origin
In form, the pathology is friendly and paralytic. The first type develops from poor heredity, anomalies in the structure of the visual organ. Most often, he appears in childhood. In this situation, the eyes mow alternately, the angle of deviation from the center of the axis of the retina in the eyes is almost one. It turns out that the movement of the eyeballs is fully preserved.
If a person looks at an object with a squinting eye, then the normal one will turn the same distance. In this case, there is no double vision, since they immediately have amblyopia.
Paralytic disease is congenital and acquired. It appears from paralysis of the eye muscles or from a violation of the optic nerve. Pathology occurs due to injuries, congenital anomalies, infections, tumors, intoxication of the body.
In this case, the sore eye does not move fully or partially. The load will be on a healthy visual organ, which, to cover the required angle of view, needs to be mowed strongly and deviated at a large angle. Atypical strabismus is a specific ailment, since it is usually observed in people with Down syndrome and Brown.
Kinds
If a person has different visual acuity disorders, then some oculomotor muscles perform enhanced movements to find the necessary visual focus while examining an object. This is considered the main cause of deviation. Strabismus happens:
- Converging - the pupil looks at the bridge of the nose.
- Diverging - the pupil is facing the temple.
- Vertical - the pupil is raised or lowered.
- Mixed - a combination of all these types.
Each pathology is divided into monocular and alternating. In the first situation, the pathology affects one eye, and in the second, both eyes mash in turn.
Diagnostics
A correct diagnosis is the basis of successful therapy. With some external manifestations, this pathology has many types. Therefore, before treatment, the doctor must identify the cause of strabismus, conduct an ophthalmological examination. For this, high-precision equipment is used with the use of special programs, tables, mirrors. Diagnostics involves the implementation of:
- General eye test.
- Complete refraction of the visual system.
- Strabismus angle measurements by different methods.
- Checks the synchronous operation of the eyes.
- Conducting a test for testing stereoscopic vision.
- Studies of pupil mobility in different directions.
If strabismus appeared from neurological abnormalities, then a consultation of a neurologist is required. Computer tomography is also performed and X-rays are performed.
Treatment
Strabismus is a disease that changes the visual perception of reality, worsening the quality of life. Performance is still limited. The condition leads to psychological discomfort. The disease itself does not go away, so it needs to be treated.
The treatment regimen is selected by the ophthalmologist according to the examination performed and on the basis of age, causes of pathology and the presence of a lazy eye. Whatever type of pathology may be, treatment is based on:
- restoring a lazy eye;
- correction of aesthetic defect;
- stimulation of the development of volumetric vision.
Although with the help of modern technologies it will be possible to eliminate any kind of squint, this procedure is long, laborious. The patient needs to follow many prescriptions of the doctor and perform special exercises for vision. The defect must be corrected at an early stage of development, since only then will the disease be eliminated.
Prevention
Typically, children 2-3 years old are squinted when the pupils work together. Therefore, they are at risk of pathology. Early pathology will be an effective measure to prevent the appearance of strabismus.
To exclude the formation of pathology, it is necessary to undergo an examination at the children's optometrist once every six months. Particular attention should be paid to patients who have congenital anomalies, poor heredity, as well as babies who have suffered birth injuries.
Interesting Facts
Photo, as cross-eyed people see the world, helps to feel the perception of reality. There are several facts about this pathology:
- The causes of the disease are congenital and acquired.
- Over 25 types of strabismus occur in children in 1-3 years with refractive pathology and the absence of treatment.
- Infectious ailments can also lead to an ailment: measles, rubella, flu. Therefore, it is necessary to control that in case of illness, children do not overwork their eyesight.
- In childhood, strabismus is treated with orthoptic methods and glasses, but sometimes surgical intervention is required.
- With prolonged pathology, amblyopia appears - a functional decrease in vision, when 1 out of 2 eyes is practically not involved in the visual process.
Thus, strabismus gives a person discomfort. Therefore, do not ignore this pathology. Timely treatment will allow you to quickly get rid of this problem.