Today, coastal defense, as well as the destruction of offshore facilities, is carried out through the SCRC. Anti - ship missile systems are considered the most powerful, autonomous and mobile systems, equipped with their own means of target designation. According to experts, the combat use of the SCRC is not limited to only ships. Through anti-ship missile systems, you can hit ground targets that are thousands of kilometers away. This fact explains the increased interest in modern high-precision missile weapons. The list of Russian missile systems, names and technical characteristics are presented in this article.
General information
Even during the Soviet Union, the construction of coastal missile systems (DBK) was given special attention, since they were an important means capable of ensuring naval superiority over Western countries. During the years of the USSR, several complexes were created, the task of which was to provide coastal defense. Soviet engineers designed operational tactical systems capable of sending a missile to a distance of more than 200 thousand meters. And today, similar missile systems are used in Russia, photos of which are presented in the article. Coastal missile and artillery troops, as well as marine corps, are equipped with naval forces.
Of course, over time, Soviet-made systems become obsolete and need to be replaced. According to experts, new missile systems are being developed in Russia on the basis of old DBKs. With their help, surface ships, landing troops and the enemy convoy are destroyed. In addition, the complexes cover naval bases, coastal naval facilities, coastal maritime communications and military groups operating in one or another coastal direction. Experts argue that Russia's strategic missile systems can be deployed in cases where it is necessary to destroy the enemy’s base or port.
DBK "Uranus" X-35
Created in 1995 by employees of the State Scientific Production Center "Star-Arrow". The complex is represented by the X-35 cruise missile, transport and launch containers (TPK), launchers, a shipboard automated control system and a complex with ground-based equipment. Storage, transportation and combat use of the X-35 is made using TPK. The container is a cylinder, inside which there are special guides. The end parts of the TPK are closed. The covers are folded back by spring mechanisms when the pyro-bolts work. With the help of the anti-ship missile system "Uranus" enemy surface ships are destroyed, the displacement of which does not exceed 5 thousand tons. The X-35 Uranus missile is small and versatile. It is widely used by the Russian Navy.
The advantage of the anti-ship missile system "Uranus" is that due to its small size and mass it can be transported by any ship or plane. For example, in aviation, the Kh-35 missile is used by the Su-30SM and Su-35S multipurpose fighters, the Utenok and Su-24 front-line bombers, the Mig-29 SMT multipurpose light fighters and the Ka-27, 28, 52K helicopters. In the Navy, the anti-ship coastal missile system is used by frigates, corvettes (project 22380), the patrol guard Yaroslav the Wise (project 11540), missile boats, nuclear submarines Yasen and Yasen-M of projects No. 885 and 885M.
X-35 has a two-stage design, equipped with a starting accelerator and a marching engine. The maximum range is 260 thousand meters. The defeat of the target is carried out by a penetrating high-explosive fragmentation warhead, which weighs 145 kg. The Kh-35 was equipped with an active homing radar (ARLGSN), thanks to which the rocket can search for the target offline. X-35s use the Russian ballistic missile defense system (coastal missile systems) of Russia.
TTX
X-35 has the following indicators:
- The length of the rocket is 4.4 m.
- Diameter - 42 cm.
- X-35 with a wingspan of 1.33 m.
- The total mass of 600 kg.
- It moves to the target at a speed of 300 m / s.
- Equipped with a dual-circuit turbojet engine.
- The minimum flight range is 5 thousand meters, the maximum is 130 thousand meters.
- The launch is carried out from TPK.
DBK "Ball"
It is one of the modern missile systems in Russia. In service with the Navy since 2008. Shoots the RCC X-35. Through the anti-ship missile system, the Russian military controls the territorial waters and the strait zones, defends naval bases, various coastal facilities and coastal infrastructure. According to experts, the DBK “Bal” is successfully used for protection in those places that are considered convenient for the landing of enemy troops. DBK is a mobile system using the MZKT-7930 chassis. The composition of the complex is presented:
- Two self-propelled command posts that provide control and communications.
- 4 self-propelled launchers In SPU are transport-launch containers (TPK) with PRK. For this coastal system, anti-ship missiles X-35 and its modifications X-35E and X-35UE are used in Russia. For one DBK, 8 TPKs are provided. SPU combat crew consists of 6 people.
- Transport-reloading machines (TPM) in the amount of 4 pcs. Their task is to provide repeated volley.
The advantages of the complexes are that they are effective in various meteorological conditions. Also, the functionality of the Ball complex is not affected by enemy fire and electronic countermeasures. For DBK, complexes are provided that put passive interference, which positively affected the invulnerability of the PKK. To deploy the launcher, the combat crew will need about 10 minutes.
Basalt P-500
This Soviet-made missile was created in 1975 to counter powerful naval groups and aircraft carriers. Initially, P-500 anti-ship missiles were armed with submarines (Projects 675 MK and 675 MU). Two years later, heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers began to be equipped with missiles (project 1143), and in 1980, Atlant 1164 cruisers. The P-500 is made with a cigar-shaped fuselage, in which there is a folding triangular wing. The missile was equipped with a KR-17-300 turbojet engine. Its location was the stern in the fuselage. For the manufacture of the body used heat-resistant materials.
A rocket from TPK starts, in which there are two accelerators at the stern. In length, it is no more than 11.7 meters. P-500 with a diameter of 88 cm and a wingspan of 2.6 m is designed for a range of 5 thousand meters. Upon reaching the marching section, the rocket gains a height of 5 thousand meters, and approaching the target, it decreases to 50 meters. Thus, it goes beyond the radio horizon, so radars cannot detect it. The rocket weighs 4800 kg.
To hit a target, it has a semi-armor-piercing or high-explosive warhead (weight from 500 to 1 thousand kg) and a nuclear 300 with a power of ct. Previously, the P-500s were used by the Soviet SCRC, and later by the anti-ship missile systems of Russia. The P-500 served as the basis for the creation of a more advanced model of the P-1000 RCC. This modification is part of the anti-ship missile system "Volcano". Below we will present its characteristics.
RCC P-1000
According to experts, this RCC uses the same starting equipment as the P-500. The Vulkan anti-ship missile system was developed in 1979. A number of improvements were made in its design, which positively affected the battle range. In DBK, engineers decided to use an improved starting engine, in the march stage they increased the amount of fuel, reduced the armor protection of the hull, the material for the manufacture of which were titanium alloys. The P-1000 is made with a short-life turbojet engine KR-17V and with a new powerful starting accelerator. Also provides a constructive ability to produce a deviation of the thrust vector. High-explosive fragmentation warhead weighs 500 kg. As a result of the transformations, the P-1000 flight range was increased to 1 thousand km. The missile uses a combined flight scheme: it overcomes the marching section at high altitude, and approaching the target, it decreases to 20 meters. Since the fuel supply in the P-1000 is increased, it can stay longer in a low-altitude area. As a result, anti-ship missiles are less vulnerable to enemy anti-aircraft missile systems.
Elbrus 9K72
Elbrus operational-tactical missile systems of Russia were designed from 1958 to 1961. Destruction of the target (both the ship and the enemy’s manpower, airfield, command post and other military facilities) is carried out by a 8K14 (R-17) single-stage liquid rocket, which is fueled with TM-185 fuel (special hydrocarbon-based rocket kerosene) and AK-oxidizer 27I. The latter is made by combining nitric acid with nitrogen tetroxide. The length of the R-17 reaches 11.16 meters. The diameter of the rocket is 88 cm. It weighs up to 5862 kg, and is designed for a flight range in a radius of 50-300 thousand meters. R-17 is produced with a non-detachable high-explosive fragmentation warhead weighing 987 kg, which is equipped with a TGAG-5 (phlegmatizer with TNT-hexogen aluminum mixture). Today, these operational missile systems in Russia are considered obsolete, but reliable. SCRC are in service with the Navy, but the production of components for them was stopped back in 1980.
"Bastion" K-300
Design work on the creation of this complex began in the late 80s of the last century. The military of the Soviet army was not satisfied with the Redoubt and Boundary anti-ship missiles available at that time. The reason was that these complexes were released in 1960 and were considered quite outdated. The Bastion was ready in 1985. Two years later, the first DBK testing took place. Then the surface ship became its base. In 1992, a rocket from this complex was first launched from a submarine. The final test of these anti-ship missiles in Russia was completed in 2002.
The work was delayed not through the fault of engineers, but because of the difficult economic situation in the country. They have been in service with the Russian Navy since 2010. The production of anti-ship missiles in Russia for the K-300 is carried out by the Orenburg NPO Strela. The coastal anti-aircraft missile system is equipped with an 8.2-meter Onix rocket weighing 3 tons. This anti-ship missile system is equipped with an air-jet ramjet engine for which a solid-propellant initial accelerator is provided. Thanks to him, Onyx can fly 750 m per second. The power unit is refueled with kerosene.
Onyx can get to the area where its target is located, with the help of an inertial navigation system. Preliminary capture of the target is carried out by the homing head. Now, anti-ship missiles can fly at extremely low altitudes (from 10 to 15 meters). This explains why these anti-ship missiles of Russia at the final stage of flight are invulnerable to enemy air defense systems. The operational life of the RCC does not exceed 10 years. Destroyed target penetrating warhead type weighing 300 kg. "Bastion" K-300 is equipped with:
- Self-propelled launchers.
- Missiles in TPK.
- Machine KAMAZ-43101. The combat control is performed by 4 people.
- Equipment that provides information and technical communication between the SCRC and the CP.
- Maintenance Tools.
DBK "Rubezh"
The coastal missile system was designed in 1970. In service with the army (and later the Navy) since 1978. The target is destroyed with the help of RCC “Termite” P-15M. There are also two options for missiles with an active seeker (P-21 and P-22), which has a passive pulsed radar homing head. RCC with autonomous target designation. The DBK uses the Harpoon TsU radar system, a self-propelled launcher on the MAZ-543M or 543V chassis. The target detection range is 120 km. On average, SPU overcomes 50 km per hour.
DBK "Utes"
In the autumn of 2014, in Crimea, Russian engineers restored the Utes cliff-based coastal missile complex. Its location was guarded facility No. 100 in the village of Reserve. It was created back in 1957. According to experts, anti-ship missiles, released from the complex, can destroy any target in the Black Sea. This explains why the military command of the USSR often visited the site with regular inspections.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the “hundred” was subordinate to several units of the Ukrainian naval forces, but no one really dealt with the object. As a result, he was completely at a loss. Having restored it after the events of the Crimean spring, Russian engineers made a real technical feat. Shooting from the complex is conducted by the P-35 missile with a flexible programmable flight path.
The PRK data is armed with surface ships, submarines and coastal missile systems. RCC is capable of hitting a sea target at a distance of 450 km. DBK "Utes" can work as one system with the coastal complexes "Bastion" and "Ball".
"Shore" A-222
Soviet weapons designers OKB-2 began working on the creation of a self-propelled artillery installation in 1976. In the technical documentation, which was transferred to the Barricades factory, the complex is written as follows: 130-mm DBK “Bereg” A-222. By 1988, a prototype was prepared. After the tests, the engineers came to the conclusion that the DBK is subject to revision. He was finally ready in 1992. Then the state tests took place. Released from DBK RCC exact hit managed to destroy a large-sized target.
The general public saw the coastal missile complex only in 1993. Then, an arms exhibition was held in Abu Dhabi, to which DBK Shore was delivered. After these events, the complex was repeatedly tested. The Navy of the Russian Federation has been with it since 1996. Since August 2003, Berek DBK has been assigned to the Novo-Russian naval base BRAP 40. Small and medium surface ships are the objects for destruction by this self-propelled artillery complex. According to military experts, a missile can overtake high-speed vessels that reach speeds of up to 100 sea knots (over 180 km / h).
Tidal zones, island and skerry areas became the place of action of DBK. In addition, a missile can quite successfully hit a ground target. RCC capabilities allow her to detect targets within a radius of 30 thousand meters. It poses a direct threat to enemy targets at a distance of up to 23 thousand meters. The composition of the coastal missile complex can be represented:
- 130 mm self-propelled artillery in the amount of 4 or 6 units.
- Mobile central post with the MP-195 management system.
- One or two duty cars.
- Two 30-kW units as energy sources.
- One turret machine gun installation caliber 7.62 mm.
- Mini dining room for the combat crew.
All vehicles have an 8x8 wheel arrangement. Russian designers used the chassis of an off-road vehicle (MAZ-543 M). The battle crew consists of 8 people. The power reserve is 650 km. Deployment takes about 5 minutes.
The advantages of this coastal artillery complex in its large caliber and high rate of fire: 72 shells can be fired at the enemy within one minute. Due to technical maneuverability, high efficiency of automatic firing and complete autonomy, “Shore” is considered to be an effective means for fulfilling defense tasks. According to experts, the production of weapons systems with similar performance characteristics has not yet been established around the world. The Russian Navy has 36 such installations.
DBK "Redut"
In 1960, the leadership of the USSR issued Decree No. 903-378, according to which engineers were to design for the P-35 a new coastal missile system for operational and tactical purposes. The work was carried out in the experimental design bureau No. 52 under the supervision of V. Chelomey. The intended targets for the DBK were to be surface ships of any type. In the USSR, this RCC was listed under the P-35B index. In the NATO classification - Sepal, in the United States Department of Defense - SSC-1B. This missile has the following tactical and technical characteristics:
- 460 .
- 7 . . , 100 .
- .
- 4500 .
- 1 . .
- 350 .
- 500 .
- 5 .
Due to its powerful warhead and high speed, the missile of this complex on the march is capable of breaking through the enemy’s missile defense systems. Due to the high range, anti-ship missiles are used in those cases when it is necessary to provide coastal cover with a high length. In addition, a powerful high-explosive or nuclear warhead of one P-35 can destroy any enemy ship. The minus of PRK is that it is quite dimensional and heavy. To date, the rocket is outdated, but still remains a formidable weapon.
The latest anti-aircraft missile systems in Russia
To reflect flying missiles, destroy planes and helicopters, to cover ground forces and important objects, anti-aircraft missile systems are used, which, from an engineering point of view, are considered quite complicated military vehicles. In Russia, the following air defense systems are used:
- "Antei-2500." It is considered the only mobile air defense system in the world capable of intercepting ballistic missiles with a flight range of up to 2500 km. The system shoots with 9M83 missiles in an amount of 4 pcs. From Russia, air defense systems are bought by Egypt and Venezuela.
- SAM S-300V. It is a military self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system. It uses two types of air defense systems: 9M82 (for intercepting Pershing ballistic missiles, aviation SRAM, airplanes) and 9M83 (for destroying Skud R-17 and Lance ballistic missiles).
- Tor anti-aircraft missile system. It is used to cover infantry, equipment, buildings and industrial facilities. The system is able to protect against guided aircraft bombs, unmanned aerial vehicles and high-precision weapons of the enemy. The air defense system works offline. If the system of the “friend or foe” complex does not recognize an air target, then the air defense system will bring it down on its own.
- Triumph S-400. The objective of this air defense system is to prevent an aerospace attack. The system is capable of intercepting targets at a distance of over 200 km and a height of no more than 30 thousand meters. It has been in service with the Russian army since 2007.
- "Shell-C1". It is equipped with automatic guns and guided missiles, for which radio command guidance with radar and infrared tracking of the target is provided. The system uses two anti-aircraft guns and 12 ground-to-air missiles. In service since 2012.
- "Pine". It is a mobile anti-aircraft missile system and the latest Russian novelty. In service since 2018. Aiming at the target is carried out using a laser. The rocket will fly along the beam. Objects for destruction can be armored vehicles, fortifications, ships, unmanned aerial vehicles.
Anti-aircraft missile systems intensively improve. Desiring to make the air defense systems much better, they are equipped with laser and radio equipment, special equipment for aerial reconnaissance, guidance and tracking.