How to open ports on routers, many know. But often there are situations when the user does this, but an external check shows that the port is still closed. Some run into this problem and do not understand what to do next. One of the common reasons is the security system of a personal computer. The fact is that, having learned how to open ports for a router, a person does only half the job. They must also be opened in the firewall rules on the computer. Next, it will be described in detail how to open ports on Windows 10 and lower versions of the operating system.
How to get into the firewall (firewall) settings
These settings are located in the Control Panel, where there is a section "System and Security". In new versions of the operating system, you can use such a desktop element as search. In it, you need to start typing the word “firewall”, and the user will see the desired link in the results. Another very quick and convenient method to get into the settings is to press the Win + R combination. A line appears in which you should write: “firewall.cpl” and click on OK.
How to open a port on a computer in a firewall?
In the settings of the built-in firewall, you need to go to the "Advanced settings", after which a section with the settings in the advanced security mode will be opened. On the left there is a field with rules for incoming connections. You need to open it and create a rule. To do this, in the "Actions" window on the right, the corresponding item is clicked, and the "Wizard to create a connection rule" will open. The rule type must be selected for the port. Next, select the type of protocol, and indicate the port. Typically, TCP is selected by the protocol, and less commonly, UDP. The port number is also indicated here. How to find out which port to open? Each game and program requires its own specific number. You can find it using the search engine. After that, a check mark is set that allows connection, a name for the rule is created and that’s it. Now the port is open. You can check its availability from the outside using the special PFPortChecker program. If the check shows that the port is closed, you can resort to this option: allow the program network activity of any type. How to open ports in this way? Again you need to get into the settings and create the rule again. But now it is created not for the port, but for the application. In the window that opens, you need to select the program that you need access to. A checkmark is again set to allow the connection, a name is invented. Now the rule is created for the program.
If such a step did not help, then how to open the ports yet? You can try to completely disable the firewall built into the system.
How to disable the firewall?
To disable it, you need to select an item in the settings called "Enable and Disable". A window opens with the settings for the network types. For each, you need to check the box that disables the firewall. After confirmation, it will become inactive, and the operating system on the current computer will become completely open to threats from the external network. Therefore, it is recommended to disable the protection system either for a short period of time in order to check the problems associated with port availability, or if you are switching to a third-party packet filter. And constantly working on a network with a disabled firewall is highly undesirable.
How to open ports for the server?
To do this, you need to open the router settings, log in, and then get to the “Firewall” item. Here the option "Virtual servers" is selected. It is worth noting that on all routers the names may differ. A window will open where you need to fill in all the fields in accordance with which server is needed. There is nothing difficult here.
How to open a port in Ubuntu?
It's no secret that Windows is aimed even at inexperienced users. That is why in this system all operations are performed using a graphical interface. In Ubuntu, all operations are carried out using special commands that are written on the command line. How to open ports in this system?
The answer may surprise: no way. The thing is that here no ports are blocked at all by the default firewall. The user, on request, on the contrary, can block them. If somehow the port turned out to be closed, then you can use the Nmap program to check it. It is able to recognize various port states. So, the Open state means that the application is ready to receive packets on this port. Filtered means that a filter or a firewall blocks a port on the network. The program cannot determine if it is open or closed. Closed means that the port is not currently associated with any application, but can be opened at any time. And finally, the Unfiltered state means that the port is responding to a utility request, but there is no way to determine if it is open or closed.
If you press the space bar during scanning, the execution process appears.
If the user is closer not to text but to graphical programs, then there is Zenmap utility, which is a graphical shell for Nmap. She knows how to build a network map.
Summary
Thus, in order to open ports on computers, there are many different ways. Some are suitable for some operating systems, others for others. The user himself must determine the appropriate means, and the operation itself will not take much effort. In addition, it is useful to get acquainted with the work of computer technology in more detail. Such skills will always come in handy.