In the modern world, computer images occupy a special place. Computer graphics is a branch of science like computer science. Vector graphics, in turn, is one of the sections of computer graphics. This is the name of an image that is created using mathematical formulas.
Raster graphics are a set of pixels. A vector graphic is a set of objects that are described by formulas.
Using a similar way of presenting graphic information, a vector illustration gets a number of advantages.
Why do you need vector graphics?
The possibility of precise geometric constructions is the main task of vector computer graphics. That is, with the help of it create diagrams, drawings and other documentation.
It should be noted that the vast majority of computer-aided design systems are based on vector graphics.
Needless to say, raster and vector graphic editors, such as Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Paint Tool Sai and others, are actively used by artists and designers. This is due to the features of vector computer graphics.
What is the basis?
The lessons of vector graphics, which are held both at school and in a higher educational institution, tell in detail about the vector image.
It is based, firstly, on the calculation of the coordinates of the points on the screen that are part of the outline of the picture. This type of vector graphics is called computed.
Secondly, the bitmap is based on mathematical information about the properties of a particular geometric figure.
To build illustrations, vector graphics use the coordinate method. The basic concept of this type of computer graphics is the line.
Where does it apply?
Vector computer graphics in modern society has a very wide scope in various fields of human activity. It is used everywhere, from advertising banners on the pages of newspapers and magazines and ending with diagrams and drawings in such an area as space.
Stock vector composition
A vector image is a collection of segments of vectors, while a bitmap image is a collection of points.
Vector graphics describe an illustration using curved and straight lines called vectors.
In addition, the vector editor uses parameters such as the location and color of the line.
For example, an illustration is written off with dots, which creates a contour. Sets the color of the outline and the area inside it.
Vector Graphics Objects
It is necessary to consider in more detail the distinguishing features of raster and vector images - objects. Each such illustration may include one or more objects of the corresponding type.
Any vector graphic element consists of two parts: the contour and the inner area. The latter may have a fill or be empty. Filling of the inner area can be in the form of color, mosaic pattern or color transition.
The circuit, in turn, can be open or, conversely, closed. In a vector object, it performs a dual function:
1) Using the contour, it is possible to change the shape of the object in the figure.
2) The contour of a vector object can be drawn - in this case, it will play the role of a stroke. You can set its width, color, and line style.
Vector Graphics Formats
CDR is the "native" format of the CorelDraw program. It should be noted that this format is incompatible even with its older versions, not to mention other editors.
SWF is a flash format for viewing animations. In order to view it, you must install the program FlashPlayer.
Many vector editors support only a few vector graphics formats. EPS is one of them. This is the most universal format for working with vector computer graphics. It is supported by the vast majority of vector editors.
To create animated graphics, use the AdobeFlash program. Its format is FLA. Using the Action Script language, you can create managed scripts.
Adobe Illustrator creates the AI format by default. It should be noted that its later versions are incompatible with earlier ones, however, it has the ability to save the picture in the previous version.
Based on the XML markup language, the SVG format was created; it was created for publishing vector graphics images on the Internet. The format supports animation, and is also an open standard. Inkscape, a free vector graphics program, saves files in this format by default.
What are the virtues of vector graphics?
Firstly, vector graphics are a relatively light image. In addition, the picture has a relatively simple detail.
Secondly, vector graphics are the ability to scale an image unlimitedly. However, its quality does not suffer.
Thirdly, vector graphics are the ability to unlimitedly move, stretch, rotate, group, and more. The image quality in this case, again, does not suffer.
Fourth, the program for vector graphics allows you to control the thickness and color of the line. Moreover, this feature does not depend on the image scale.
Fifth, vector graphics are the ability to perform transformations on objects such as subtraction, addition, additions, and intersections.
What are the disadvantages of vector graphics?
The first drawback is that if a vector image has many elements, then its size noticeably increases. So, it happens that the weight of the raster copy is much less than the weight of the vector original.
The second drawback follows from the first - the difficulty of transmitting a photorealistic picture.
And the last, third drawback of vector graphics is the problem of program compatibility.
Vector computer graphics tools
Just as in the case of raster graphics, for working with vector there is a huge number of various software tools. However, mastering them is much more difficult than raster graphic editors. The main programs for working with vector graphics are the following:
1) Adobe Illustrator. This graphic editor, together with Adobe PageMaker and Adobe Photoshop, forms a powerful package for the development of complex documents and layout of printing publications.
2) CorelDraw. This program is a professional computer graphics editor. It has a rich set of settings, as well as an advanced control system and user-friendly interface.
3) Macromedia Freehand. This graphic editor is one of the most intuitive and user-friendly programs in which you can work with vector graphics. The main distinguishing features: the simplest control system and high speed. However, her abilities are much more modest than previous editors.