In 1842, a low-noise cartridge designed for training shooting was designed in France. Today, this product is more commonly known as a ring ignition cartridge. Another name for the product is "side lamp cartridge". Due to its low noise and operational reliability, as well as its low cost, the projectile is very popular in the world.
Design of cartridges of "side fire"
In the 19th century, the product of the French gunsmith Louis Flaubert was a sleeve with an impact composition pressed into the bottom of its bottom. The shell got its name due to the fact that during the strike the striker does not hit the center, but on its peripheral part.
This cartridge was not equipped with a powder charge and a capsule. To eject the bullet, only gases of flammable compositions were sufficient. When used, liner breaks often occurred in the place where the greatest pressure of the gases was exerted on the metal weakened by double bending. For the manufacture of bullets, lead was mainly used. Sometimes other metals were used for these purposes.
At that time, three projectile calibres were known: a 9 mm, 6 mm, and 4 mm ring ignition cartridge. In 1888, on the basis of the Flaubert cartridge, American designers created their own version of the caliber of 5.6 mm. The first modern cartridge for annular ignition is 22 Short, which differs from its counterpart by the presence of a powder charge.
What function does the bullet liner perform?
A special insert is provided under the annular ignition cartridge, which prevents uncontrolled rotation of the bullet in the barrel channel. This, in turn, has a positive effect on the accuracy of fire. Inserts can be of two options:
- Easily removable. Mounted before firing.
- Non-removable.
The bullet insert is a product with a smooth inner channel, which tapers evenly closer to the muzzle. In this design, the principle of “cylinder with pressure” operates, due to which the accuracy in firing is improved. In the manufacture of the inner surface of the bullet liner used channeling technology. This gives the product the necessary hardness.
The use of Flaubert cartridges
These ammunition are considered very low-power and have a low initial velocity of the bullet, not exceeding 200 m / s. A similar speed is typical for an average air rifle. The difference between the bullet that Flaubert’s cartridge is equipped with from a wind gun is that in the same caliber the bullet has a larger mass. Due to this, firearms are endowed with more energy.
Today, such cartridges are not as popular as before - they are replaced by bullets of air rifles. Cartridges can be used at short distances. Today, the production of special revolvers adapted for firing with these cartridges has been established. Revolvers are an effective means of self-defense. When firing from long-barreled weapons using "side cartridges", there is no muzzle flame and loud sound. Cartridges are in demand among farmers, as ammunition for firing at harmful rodents. For such cases, manufacturers recommended products containing a spherical bullet. These cartridges are intended for smooth-bore weapons.
The appearance of the cartridge "Monte Cristo"
In Russia, the weapons designer Beringer Flaubert’s cartridge was finalized and for its consumer became known as the “Monte Cristo”. Unlike the French counterpart, the Russian one was a product from a more durable and long sleeve. In addition, it was equipped with a powder charge of smoke powder. The shape of the bullet was also subject to change.
The improved cartridge was intended primarily for military purposes. Over time, he found his application in hunting and sports shooting. Due to the fact that the projectile has low power and does not pose a threat to human life, weapons that use these ammunition are not classified as firearms. Despite this, the use of weapons under Flaubert’s cartridges is prohibited in the Russian Federation. This is due to the fact that there is no certification required by law.
What was the purpose of the low-power cartridge?
At the time of the creation of Flaubert’s cartridge, the goals were:
- The cartridge should be low noise.
- To have low power is the penetration ability of a bullet.
- When shooting give a consistently high accuracy of the battle.
All of these requirements are met by a cartridge of 5, 6 mm annular ignition.
Characteristics of a standard rifle cartridge
- The mass of the bullet is 2.55 grams.
- The long cartridge has an initial speed of 335 m / s.
- At a distance of 50 m, the bullet develops a speed of up to 300 m / s.
- At a distance of 100 m - 275 m / s.
- Distance 300 m - 217 m / s.
- Use for sighting at a distance of 50 m is fraught with an excess of the bullet's flight path of up to two meters.
- From 100 meters - 13.
- From 300 meters - 196.
The rifle standard 5.6 mm annular ring cartridge gives the best results indoors, which are characterized by constant temperature and humidity.
Beringer's cartridge today
Today, rimfire cartridges of 5.6 mm caliber are very popular among consumers. The cylindrical sleeve is made of steel or brass. The protruding flange is equipped with a non-rusting capsule composition and a lead-free shellless bullet. In order to reduce lead, they are treated with special paraffin lubricants. Instead of smoky powder, a quick-burning fine-grained smokeless smoke is used. The grain in it is porous or spherical.
Group of cartridges for sports shooting
The cartridge of 5, 6 mm annular ignition has found its application in shooting competitions. Since all participants are in equal conditions, clear international standards are also provided for their equipment, according to which a cartridge can be:
- Long rifle rifle. Marking (LR) is provided for it. Used for shooting rifles and pistols. The cartridge has an initial speed of up to 350 m / s.
- Short - Kurz. Applies to guns only. It is possible to make high-speed shooting against silhouettes according to established international rules only using this 5.6 mm ring ignition cartridge. Dimensional characteristics of this caliber during sports are considered mandatory for all participants. The country of origin is not taken into account.
What are the names of cartridges and how are they marked?
Depending on their purpose, the rings of ring ignition are divided into:
- Sports and hunting. The bullet weighs 2.6 grams, the cartridge is 3.5 g. The size of the cartridge is 25.5 mm, the bullets are 15.6 mm. Used by sporting rifles and combination shotguns. These products are not subject to labeling.
- Target rifle. Ammunition dimensions correspond to sports and hunting cartridges. They are used with standard rifles for shooting at short distances (50 meters). Marked with the letter “C”.
- Pistol. Used by single-shot sports pistols at distances from 25 to 50 meters. Dimensions correspond to target cartridges. They differ in the weight of the cartridge. The weight of the pistol is 3.3 grams. Marked by two superimposed five-pointed stars.
- Shortened. They are used for shooting at a distance not exceeding 25 meters in enclosed spaces. The length of the cartridge is 17.9 mm, bullets - 10.55 mm. Bullet weight - 1.87 g, cartridge - 2.52. A circle image is used for marking.
- Sports for exercise "Biathlon". Dimensions correspond to sporting and hunting similar cartridges. Bullet weight is 2.7 grams, cartridge - 3.4 g. A five-pointed star is used for marking.
Where else are used?
Modern installation work is not complete without the use of special pyrotechnic devices such as building ring-shaped cartridges. Today they have become indispensable on any construction site.
Using the annular ignition mounting cartridge, you can easily and quickly work with concrete, brick, plywood and other dense materials. Now, with the help of a mounting gun and cartridges for it, the master does not need to drill a hole. Fastening is done immediately, which significantly saves time and effort.
What is an annular ignition mounting cartridge?
The product is a special pyrotechnic device. In mounting guns, building rings of annular ignition perform the function of the energy source needed to drive a dowel into materials of different densities. Unlike a live cartridge, a construction cartridge is considered idle, since it is not equipped with a bullet. It has the form of a small sleeve, the dulce of which is rolled.
Smokeless powder is used for filling. The annular annular ignition cartridge operates after detonation of the igniter capsule. The reaction occurs as a result of a striker striking a flange edge. A ring ignition cartridge in the construction industry is not the only option. There is also a type of Berdan and Boxer cartridges, the capsule of which is characterized by a central battle.
What is the principle of action?
The 5.6mm16, 6.8x11, 6.8x15, 6.8x18 ring-shaped cartridges used by mounting guns make it possible to fasten materials and structures with dowels from 3 to 8 cm in size. The principle of direct mounting is used in the work.
The smokeless powder mass, which is filled with liners, after detonation with capsules ignites with the release of gas. The resulting gas is the energy that acts on the dowel located in the barrel of the mounting gun. After ignition of the charge, the dowel begins to move along the bore to the surface of the mounted materials. As a result of high voltage in the channel, the dowel is very hot. Strength and quality of the connection are achieved by sticking the body of the dowel to the surface.
Foreign manufacturer Sellier and Bellot
Among the numerous manufacturers, products of the foreign company Sellier and Bellot, which manufactures ring ignition cartridges of caliber 5.6 - 9 mm, gained great popularity. For each product, an appropriate powder charge is provided. Construction cartridges of 5, 6 mm annular ignition have an energy in the range of 100 - 500 J.
What design do shells have?
Mounting cartridges of a foreign manufacturer consist of a brass sleeve, impact composition and powder charge. In order to ensure its tightness, the barrel muzzle is sealed with a beam. In some cases, cardboard wad may be used.
Weaknesses
The disadvantage of the product is its high cost. This is due to the use of expensive brass in the manufacture of sleeves. Another drawback of Sellier and Bellot products is that powder charges are poured into the sleeve freely and not pressed. As a result, the power of the cartridge is reduced.
Russian products
Construction cartridges of calibers of 5.6-6.3 mm, made in Russia, do not meet the requirements of the Brussels Convention, since they have a 5 mm overstated sleeve length. In addition, it has insufficient strength to use charges with high power. In Russia, construction ring-shaped cartridges of 6.8 mm caliber are produced. The powder charge is contained in a varnished sleeve, to close which a ray star is used.
What is the modernization of the building cartridge?
After numerous studies of mounting rings for annular ignition, the developers decided to strengthen them by increasing the density. This procedure is carried out by pressing the powder charge. Having solid walls, the sleeve is able to withstand such a strengthening. In a standard building cartridge, after impact of a striker, ignition of a granular powder charge occurs. The lower part of the sleeve contains a charge with low density. The presence of gaps between the grains does not interfere with combustion. In the cartridge, which has been finalized, the density increases, and as a result, these gaps are reduced, which subsequently eliminates the occurrence of separate combustion zones in the sleeve.
It was decided to create a new 5.6 mm cartridge with increased power for use with mounting guns. In a modernized cartridge, the combustion volume increases significantly, and the process itself proceeds evenly. Complete combustion of the powder elements occurs. After increasing the density, gas retention by unburnt powder layers is observed. As a result, stars or cardboard wads installed on the sleeve do not open prematurely. The increase in density by pressing the charge makes it possible to equip the sleeve with a larger mass of gunpowder, which is beneficial for power. It increases by 30%.
Thus, modernization concerned only the contents of the sleeve. External parameters and dimensions remained unchanged. Compared to identical-sized standard mounting cartridges, the new ones have increased power.
Conclusion
Rimfire cartridges must only be operated after a safety training. Before starting work, the master must know what density the powder charge has, which dowel will be used. Knowing the design of these building cartridges and their characteristics will help optimize performance, as well as prevent damage to working material and tools.