The appearance of dark spots in the eye always causes some concern, because this is the first sign of the development of the pathological process in the body or the occurrence of a serious malfunction. Moreover, such an anomaly does not always cause a violation of the functioning of the visual organs.
If a black dot appears in the field of vision and does not go away for a long time, and also its appearance is accompanied by a significant deterioration in the patient's condition, it is necessary to consult an ophthalmologist.
The nature of the spots in the eyes
A dark spot in the eye is often called a fly. It can consist of:
- A tumor cell that is benign or malignant.
- Kristallikov.
- Blood clots.
In such cases, the cause of the appearance of a black dot in the eyes lies in destructive changes in the structure of the vitreous. Moreover, the closer the focus of opacification is located to the retina, the greater the number of flies begins to appear and flicker in front of the affected eye.
If the patient moves the affected eye, the flies begin to flicker and spread over the entire corneal surface. When the eye returns to its original position, the flies also return to their original places. At the same time, a person clearly sees how black dots smoothly “fly” in his eyes. Most often there is a dark spot in the eye when you look at white.
Factors and causes of occurrence
The reasons due to which dots appear in front of the eyes are most often associated with pathologies of the organs of vision. But in some cases, their appearance can talk about other failures in the life of the body.
The most common factors that cause the appearance of dark spots in the eyes are:
- CCC diseases, which are accompanied by spasmodic changes in blood pressure. Black flies can occur both against the background of hypertension, and with hypotension.
- Circulatory disturbance in the brain of the head, vascular spasms.
- Stroke. The appearance of black dots in the eyes may indicate a hemorrhage that occurred in the brain.
- The appearance of black flies can provoke bad habits. Moreover, the longer the addiction, the more often the flies flash before your eyes.
- Traumatic brain injuries.
- Avitaminosis. It is a pathology that is accompanied by the development of many clinical symptoms. One of them is the appearance of dark spots in front of the eyes.
- Damage to the cornea of a mechanical nature. As a result of eye injury, dark spots may form on the protein.
- Pathological changes in the digestive tract.
- Liver disease.
- The appearance of a black dot may be a sign of the development of inflammation in the tissues of the affected eye.
- Prolonged hypoxia.
- Depletion, overwork, physical or mental.
- Failures in the metabolic processes.
Diabetes
In addition, flickering dots in front of the eyes may indicate the occurrence of diabetes. Whatever the reason for the appearance of the flies, this is an abnormal phenomenon and requires the intervention of a specialist.
When considering the reasons why black dots appear and which are associated with the functioning of the visual organs, detachment of the retina should be separately indicated. Such a pathology is very dangerous, it can provoke complete blindness.
Another reason that black dots fly before your eyes is leukemia. With this disease, clouding of the cornea begins, and if this process is not stopped on time, a serious visual impairment may develop or it will be completely lost.
Clinical symptoms
Black dots in front of the eyes always occur in parallel with other manifestations of the disease. So, along with it, the following symptoms may appear:
- A feeling of stuffiness in the ears.
- Lack of coordination.
- Doubling in the eyes.
- Prostration.
- Fainting.
- Vomiting
- Trembling in the body.
- Weakness.
- Dizziness.
- Headache.
- Nausea.
The resulting symptomatology directly depends on the cause that provoked the appearance of black dots in the eyes. Thus, these manifestations allow you to make an overall picture of the condition, but only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis after a full examination.
When dark spots in the eyes run around, everyone wants to know how to get rid of them.
Which doctor should I go to?
It is important to contact an ophthalmologist as soon as possible, who will assess the patient's condition and conduct an initial diagnosis. If necessary, the specialist recommends examination by an endocrinologist, general practitioner, neurosurgeon, cardiologist.
Thus, the treatment of dark spots in the eyes must be approached comprehensively, since they can be a symptom of not only ophthalmic pathologies.
Diagnostic Features
Black spots localized in the corners of the eyes require special attention, therefore, if threads or dots appear on the cornea, you should immediately make an appointment with an ophthalmologist for a consultation. In order to study black spots located on the eyeball, a slit lamp is used. Using such a tool, a doctor can assess the condition of the fundus, cornea, detect an existing hemorrhage, determine the structure of the thread, a spot floating in the eye.
Also, in order to diagnose the reasons that black dots fly in front of the eyes, a procedure such as measuring intraocular pressure can be used. The need for it arises if the patient suffers from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or suffered a head injury.
Other research methods
If black spots occur as a result of pathological disorders in the internal organs, other diagnostic tests may be required:
- Encephalography, MRI of the brain of the head (in the case when the patient had a head injury).
- BP measurement.
- Urinalysis
- Biochemical blood test.
- Examination of blood samples for fasting glycemia.
- General clinical laboratory study of blood samples.
Only high-quality diagnostics will help determine the cause of the appearance of black flies in the eyes and prescribe an effective therapy regimen.
The causes and treatment of flies before the eyes are always interconnected.
Therapy
Black spots in the eyes must be treated. Therapy, as a rule, is aimed at eliminating or alleviating the course of the underlying disease that triggered their appearance. Symptomatic treatment can help get rid of the points themselves, but the cause will not be eliminated. As a result, the reappearance of black dots is not ruled out.
The type of therapy also depends on the structure and size of the dots and strings flying in front of the eyes. When they are not associated with serious pathologies and have a small size, you can use eye drops: Wobenzym, Quinax, Emokipin, Taufon.
However, you can use these tools only for violations of the functions of the vitreous body. Instillation should be carried out with caution, only in a prone position. After instillation, experts recommend a few more minutes to remain motionless so that the drops can penetrate into the deeper tissues of the eye. These drugs can normalize local metabolism, contribute to the resorption of points. It should also be borne in mind that the listed medicines are not in all cases equally effective.
Other therapies
In the absence of the effect of using eye drops in the presence of a dark spot in the eye, an ophthalmologist may recommend that the patient undergo surgery. However, such a technique does not have much popularity, such as instrumental procedures. In addition, the operation may result in complete blindness.
Most often, alternative methods are used for the treatment of black points:
- Vitreolysis. It is a procedure that is performed using a VAG laser. Using a laser beam aimed at a dark spot located on the eye protein, the front sight is carefully removed without affecting healthy tissues and without violating their integrity.
- Vitrectomy. This procedure involves the complete or partial removal of such a structure as the vitreous. Manipulation is carried out according to strict indications and, as a rule, only in those cases when the appearance of black spots is provoked by ophthalmic pathologies.
Vitreolysis is undoubtedly a safer and more effective manipulation, but it has a significant minus - high cost.
Pathology Prevention
Preventive measures aimed at preventing the formation of dark spots in the eye tissues, imply the observance of several simple rules:
- It is important to avoid overwork, eye strain.
- It is not recommended to consume large quantities of strong tea, coffee.
- It is necessary to get enough sleep and have a good rest.
- Proper nutrition should be followed.
- It is recommended to reduce the amount of alcohol-based drinks consumed.
- It is important to quit smoking.
- It is necessary to visit outdoors more often, to make walks. This helps to strengthen the body.
- The cure for all diseases is sports. However, physical activity should be feasible, moderate.
- You should move more, avoiding prolonged stay in one position.
It is unfair to say that compliance with these recommendations will prevent the development of dark moving spots in the eye if they are triggered by advanced pathologies of the internal organs. Accordingly, timely and periodic passage of preventive medical examinations will be of no small importance, moreover, not only by an ophthalmologist, but also by a cardiologist, endocrinologist. It must be remembered that only a timely detected and completely cured disease will be the best prevention of unpleasant complications.
The article provided information about the causes and treatment of flies before the eyes, and if you have any additional questions on this topic, then it is better to ask them directly to the ophthalmologist.