The Soviet caterpillar tractor DT-54 (photos are presented on the page) was created in 1949 at a factory in Kharkov. Serial production of a new agricultural machine was established there. The DT-54 tractor was produced at KhTZ from 1949 to 1961. Another production was opened at the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, where the machine was produced in about the same amount. In the difficult post-war years, agriculture in the USSR needed technology. The third serial production was organized at the Altai plant, where the DT-54 tractor was produced from 1952 to 1979. A total of 957,900 units were built at three plants.
A bit of history
The DT-54 tractor was a successful development based on the outdated AZHTZ-NATI model, with many new technical solutions and the use of modern technologies. The design of the machine is quite perfect, the diesel engine is economical, the consumption of oil and diesel fuel does not exceed the lower limits of the operating standards laid down. For the first time, a centrifugal oil purification system was used in the engine by using special chambers in the crankshaft connecting rod journals.
The oil centrifuge combined with the standard filter worked on the same principle. The plug for draining used oil from the crankcase was a powerful magnet that collected fine metal particles. All these measures significantly extended the engine life.
The tractor was equipped with a dual-band creeper gearbox, through which ten more were added to the five main gears. This device made it possible to select the optimal load on the engine and contributed to the preservation of its performance.
The rear axle was equipped with separate control of rotary clutches and brakes, which greatly facilitated machine control. Until 1956, there was no such division. At the same time, belt- type brakes were introduced, operating in both directions. The effectiveness of retardation mechanisms has increased significantly.
disadvantages
One of the drawbacks of the DT-54 was the friction of tracked tracks on the final drive housing. In this regard, special intermediate pads were installed, which simultaneously stabilized the direction of the tracks and played the role of a gasket between the track and the crankcase. These innovations were also applied in 1956. At the same time, the hitch was improved , the bracket of which was lengthened, reinforced with a transverse strip, and the earring was made wider for a larger diameter finger. Now any tow hitch was securely attached to the tractor.
Modernization
In 1952, the engine was equipped with a special meter that records the time during which the engine was running. Thus, idle mileage of the tractor or its use for other purposes was excluded. The meter was sealed at the beginning of work, its readings were taken after the end of the working day.
After 1956, the transmission of rotation of the crankshaft, which operated peripherally, was improved. Next to the main shaft, connected to the transfer case, an additional slotted cylinder was rotated, to which a special coupling could be connected, connecting the transmission with a “quasi” transmission. Additional attachments, which were supposed to be used at the moment and which were equipped with their own rotation mechanism, were connected to the power take-off shaft.
Normally, power take-offs were not included in the package, but they could be installed on a separate request from the buyer. Such an addition was expensive, but consumers understood how useful this device was and did not take into account the costs. At the same time, it was possible to install a drive pulley on the tractor, which also made it possible to take power for peripheral equipment, but only by means of a belt drive.
DT-54 tractor: technical specifications
The main functions of the DT-54 consisted of integrated work with a four or five-section plow. Traction characteristics allowed to plow the earth of any density. In addition, the DT-54 tractor could interact with a number of additional trailing devices.
The thrust range of a powerful machine was 1200 - 2850 kg, which made it possible for its widespread use. The operating speeds of the car ranged from 3.58 to 7.8 km / h, the transmission had five forward gears and one reverse. The diesel engine at a nominal speed of 1300 rpm developed a power of 54 hp, which was enough for any field work.
Weight and overall parameters
- Full weight - 5400 kg.
- Length with a towing mechanism - 3660 mm.
- Height - 2300 mm.
- Width - 1865 mm.
- Ground clearance, clearance - 260 mm.
- Center distance - (extreme rollers) 1622 mm.
- The track in the middle of the tracked track is 1435 mm.
- Pressure on the soil, specific - 0.41 kg / cm 2 .
- The capacity of the fuel tank is 185 cm / cu.
Modeling
The agricultural universal machine DT-54 is one of those rare technical means that arouse keen interest among collectors. The DT-54 tractor model is created everywhere and is quite common. The quality of the product is usually high, as the modelers use the latest technology.