Visual impairment is a problem that almost everyone faces in the modern world. Eyes began to be hard to see close. This is often noticed by people aged. At the same time, an improvement in the distance visual acuity is sometimes observed. What it is? What disease can be judged here? I see poorly near. What to do in this case? We will give answers to all questions further.
What is it?
Hyperopia is when you can’t see closely, but at the same time your visual acuity in the distance is preserved. So you can explain in simple terms this refraction disorder. The problem catches up mainly with people over 40 years old. But today it can be diagnosed at any age.
Myopia is the opposite. A person sees relatively well near, but visual acuity in the distance is deteriorating. Objects at a certain distance become cloudy, fuzzy, double. Myopia is when you cannot see the number of the bus, signs on signs and advertising banners, happening on the screen from the back rows in a movie theater. This disease affects people regardless of age.
There is such a pathology as hyperopia. This is a deterioration in near vision, which is accompanied by its simultaneous improvement in the distance. Age presbyopia is also highlighted. This is senile farsightedness due to dystrophic processes in the tissues of the eye that occur with age.
What is the name of vision when you see poorly near? This is farsightedness. But it can be observed immediately with several ophthalmic diseases.
Causes
"I see poorly near. Is it a plus or minus?" Minus - with myopia. Plus, respectively, with farsightedness, when a person can not distinguish nearby objects.
One of the reasons for farsightedness is precisely the age of a person from 35-40 years. More precisely, age-related changes in the tissues of the ophthalmic system. The cornea of the eye becomes less elastic, cannot focus light normally.
However, hyperopia is diagnosed in young people, in children. Here it is associated with physiological disorders and features. Often the problem resolves itself as the child grows up, when the tissues of his eyes are already finally formed.
It is proved that hereditary predisposition can also become a cause of hyperopia. And even ethnicity. So, farsightedness is more often diagnosed in African Americans, North American Indians, and Pacific Islanders.
Symptoms
A person does not see well near. This is hyperopia, which can be determined by the accompanying symptoms:
- When stresses on the organs of vision (for example, when reading, working at a computer), a person may notice discomfort, pain in the eyes.
- "Lazy eye syndrome." With a decrease in visual acuity, an eye that sees worse ceases to fully perform its functions.
- The closer the objects are to a person, the more blurred their outlines.
- After prolonged eye strain, an unpleasant itching or burning sensation may appear in the eye.
The more complicated the ophthalmic problem, the more pronounced this symptomatology. In especially severe cases, a person without glasses or contact lenses is no longer able to view his surroundings even at arm's length.
What diseases cause hyperopia?
"I see poorly near, in the distance - good." This condition in itself is a disease - hyperopia. Hyperopia is called presbyopia. However, these pathologies are often the causes or consequences of other ailments.
For example, to develop amid disturbances in accommodation. The eye loses its ability to focus on objects at different distances. The reason is atrophic processes occurring in the tissues of the lens.
"With age, I see poorly near." Presbyopia is a common problem. Hyperopia can be caused by the following diseases:
- Retinal detachment. This is the name of the element located at the back of the eye. The light reflected from the objects seen is focused on the retina. It is this information that is transmitted to the brain as an image. When the retina is detached, this process is disturbed, since the element is separated from the choroid, on which it must be firmly fixed.
- Macular degeneration. This disease is a lesion of the macula, an important part of the retina where the largest number of receptors is concentrated.
- Vitreous rupture, retinal rupture.
- Cataract is a pathology of the lens. The latter during the course of the disease loses its necessary natural transparency. Why is gradually losing its function as a lens. Therefore, normal focusing is not possible.
- Retinopathy is diabetic. A disease of the vascular ocular system when atherosclerotic changes develop in the capillaries of the eyes. As a result of this, the normal blood supply to both the optic nerve and the retina is disturbed, due to which visual impairment is observed.
Complications of the condition
"With age, I see poorly near." There is reason to suspect hyperopia. I must say that the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves brightly, and the pathology itself develops slowly. Therefore, a person has every chance to start treatment on time and avoid complications of this pathological condition.
In the case when the therapy is inferior or incorrect (or when the person did not deal with the treatment of the disease in any way), the following complications of hyperopia can also appear:
- Glaucoma.
- Keratitis.
- Blepharitis.
- Non-infectious conjunctivitis.
- "Lazy eye syndrome" (amblyopia).
- "Friendly" squint.
As in cases with other diseases, it is best to start treatment as soon as possible - only you noticed the first manifestations of hyperopia. I see poorly near. What to do? Make an appointment with an ophthalmologist.
Directions of treatment
I see poorly near. What to do? You need to follow the recommendations that the doctor-optometrist wrote to you. Self-medication is dangerous here. The main directions of therapy are as follows:
- Optical vision correction.
- Contact correction.
- Surgical intervention.
We will analyze each of the methods in more detail.
Optical Correction
"I see poorly near." Drops in this condition will not help to correct the situation. It is only possible to eliminate the symptom - fatigue, itching, burning in the eyes.
One of the most common ways to treat presbyopia is to prescribe glasses. To work at close range, it is easiest to use them, with the conditions that the patient sees well into the distance. For several decades, this is one of the simplest, safest and most effective methods for correcting hyperopia, especially age-related.
In the event that, in addition to farsightedness, the patient also complains of myopia, then he should be prescribed special glasses - bifocal. They are distinguished by the presence of two zones. The first is intended for correcting near vision. The second, respectively, is for the correction of distance vision. Another way: using two pairs of glasses designed for visual work at different distances.
Contact Correction
I see poorly near. What to do? Another popular method of vision correction is contact lenses. Today, with presbyopia, several methods can be suggested:
- Contact multifocal lenses. They, by the way, are very common recently. They have a peripheral and central zone, which is responsible for the clarity of vision. That is, it becomes possible to increase the field of view without unnecessary deformation. For the manufacture of multifocal lenses, a special innovative material is used that allows the eyes to "breathe". With such lenses, a person can see equally well both near and far.
- "Vision". This type of contact lens is selected for patients who have both farsightedness and myopia at the same time. Here, one eye will be corrected to clearly distinguish objects in the distance, and the other for distance visual acuity. Therefore, the patient does not need to buy different glasses. But the minus of "mono-vision" is that it sometimes requires long-term addiction. In addition, as the name implies, a person loses the possibility of binocular vision.
Artificial lenses
Today, there is a cardinal way to solve the problems of farsightedness. This is a replacement of the lens of the eye, which has lost its elasticity, with an intraocular lens. The operation is available to people of all ages, is performed under local anesthesia, and is absolutely painless.
The duration of such a surgical intervention is no more than 15-20 minutes. Typically, an ophthalmic surgeon performs it through a self-sealing micro-access just 1.6 mm long. Accordingly, suturing is not necessary.
Types of Artificial Lenses
With age-related farsightedness, two types of artificial lenses are shown today:
- Accommodating artificial lenses. By their properties, they are as close as possible to the properties of the natural human lens. Thanks to their own unique design, accommodating lenses are able to use the eye muscles, move and bend, like a natural lens. They completely imitate its natural focusing ability, thereby restoring natural accommodation.
- Multifocal artificial lenses. They are distinguished by the optical design of that part of the lens, which allows you to simulate the work of a natural lens. A multifocal lens, as the name implies, has several tricks, and not one. This makes it possible for the patient to see objects equally well at different distances. Therefore, after its implantation, the need for glasses or contact lenses completely disappears.
Naturally, artificial lenses are selected individually for each patient. The choice is influenced by many factors: the state of the visual system, age, occupation, etc. We add that the implantation of an artificial lens with hyperopia is the prevention of cataracts. After all, an artificial lens cannot cloud.
Surgical intervention
In addition to implantation of an artificial lens (lensectomy), the following types of ophthalmic surgery are distinguished:
- Laser vision correction.
- Laser thermokeratoplasty. The effect of thermal radio waves changes the shape of the cornea of the eye, which affects the refractive characteristics of the latter.
- Keratoplasty. Replacing clouded cornea.
- Implantation of an artificial lens, when the removal of the natural lens does not occur (the lens is placed in front of it).
- Keratotomy is radial. Application of special incisions on the cornea of the eye, which also changes the refractive characteristics.
- Thermokeratocoagulation. Heat treatment of the cornea with a needle, the impact on the point sections of the membrane.
Prevention
Preventive measures come down to the proper organization of their workplace. Such that the eyes are not wasted and wasted in vain:
- Proper lighting - the shadow should not block the field of view, but the light should not hit the eyes.
- Refuse reading while lying down or in low light.
- Make sure that when working with a computer, the distance from your eyes to the monitor should not be less than 50-60 cm.
- Every hour and a half of working with a computer, you need to take a 5-minute break. It is best to devote it to eyeball massage.
Hyperopia is a condition that slowly but constantly progresses. Therefore, in order to avoid complications, it is so important to start treatment on time, make an appointment with an ophthalmologist. Today there are many methods of therapy - you can choose the one that suits you according to indications and material capabilities.