In medicine, many eye diseases have been recorded. Such pathologies themselves are a serious reason for excitement, because it is through vision that a person receives an impressive amount of useful information about the world around him. Seeing the surrounding space, it is difficult for us to overestimate how much higher the level of security is for someone who can easily view the space near and far. In addition, vision is a source of aesthetic satisfaction, positive emotions, internal chemistry. In order to preserve the ability to see longer, it is important to understand that eye diseases are a serious problem requiring timely treatment, otherwise the consequences can be most dire.
General view
There are a variety of eye diseases. Pathology manifests itself as unpleasant sensations, redness, pain and harshness, weakening of the ability to see. Swelling, flies, flickering before the eyes may appear. Any such phenomenon is an occasion to immediately make an appointment with the doctor, as there is a high probability of serious eye disease. Only a doctor, having carefully examined the patient, using special techniques, can accurately say what is the cause of the interference, how to eliminate them and what dangers the situation carries.
The key to long-term preservation of visual health is attentiveness to yourself, seeking qualified help, following medical advice, a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. It should be understood that not all consequences are reversible, some eye diseases in humans provoke a persistent decrease in the ability to see up to complete blindness. Doctors also pay attention: it is strictly forbidden to diagnose yourself and start treating eye disease. Many pathologies differ in similar manifestations, but require a fundamentally different approach to their elimination. We will analyze the main eye pathologies that occur with a high frequency. They are listed below:
- Myopia.
- Farsightedness.
- Strabismus.
- Cataract.
- Glaucoma.
- Astigmatism.
- Color blindness.
- Anisometropia
- Dacryocystitis.
- Retinal detachment.
- Keratitis
- Irit.
- Conjunctivitis.
- Halazion.
- Dry eye syndrome.
- Barley.
- Amblyopia.
- Computer Syndrome.
- Macular degeneration.
- Scleritis.
- Episcleritis.
- Blepharitis.
- Retinal dystrophy.
Now in more detail we will consider each of these options.
Myopia
Of the entire list of eye diseases, this one is rightfully one of the most common, relevant for our civilization. With this pathology, a gradual inhibition of ocular functionality occurs. The apple of the eye changes its shape, becomes somewhat longer relative to normal. In some cases, myopia appears due to the characteristics of the cornea, excessive optical power of this element. A significant role is played by lifestyle, since the distortion of visual function is affected by the need to read, work in front of a monitor, as well as other tasks that a person encounters in everyday life. The main danger is not connected with myopia itself, but with the consequences that it provokes - up to a complete loss of the ability to see.
Prolonged eye contact with objects at a short distance from the beholder can provoke this eye disease.
Opposite problem
Another common problem that leads to impaired ability to see is farsightedness. A person suffering from such a violation of the functionality of the visual organs cannot see objects located near him, but without difficulty he perceives everything that is located in the distance. As a rule, vision gains clarity when examining objects 20-30 cm away from the viewer.
The disease is divided into degrees, while assessing how severely affected the ability to see. This eye disease in humans requires the use of special corrective methods. Sometimes the use of devices (lenses, glasses) is enough, sometimes surgical intervention is required. A qualified doctor should choose the best approach.
Vision problems: uneven and unpleasant
Another eye disease that is currently quite common is strabismus. This is such a pathology when one eye is positioned anatomically correctly, but the other is looking in the wrong direction. Mostly the problem manifests itself already in the second or third year of life. It can be provoked by the inability to see objects near or far, as well as a combination of these violations, if any, pursues the child from a very young age.
It is possible to correct the situation not in 100% of cases, but the probability of a successful outcome is higher if the therapy is started as early as possible. Strabismus leads to significant visual impairment in a short time. In young children, conservative approaches come to the rescue. If such an eye disease is found in an adult patient, surgical surgery is likely to be recommended, without which vision will weaken with high intensity.
Cataract
This pathology is especially common in the elderly. It is also known as an eye disease in cats, more often also affects individuals of age. In humans, it is cataract that is one of the most common eye problems. The lens is partially cloudy, in severe cases - completely. Lost transparency does not allow a person to see normally, since light rays entering the eye are not perceived. Under the influence of such a change, the perception of the environment gradually loses its clarity, the picture becomes more blurry. If you do not start treatment procedures on time, there is a high probability of absolute blindness. In some cases, the disorder progresses at a high speed, therefore, at the initial signs of a problem, you should seek the advice of a qualified ophthalmologist - delay is unacceptable.
Glaucoma
Considering what diseases of the eyes in humans occur more often than others, it is necessary to pay attention to this violation. The term is prefabricated, by it they mean immediately several different pathologies provoked by different root causes. Manifestations, symptoms, even features of the course of the disease can seriously vary from case to case, and a sign that allows you to combine all this into a single group of pathologies is the result of the disease. Glaucoma leads to atrophy of the optic nerve; as a result, a person becomes completely blind. This is more dangerous for people of advanced age, but recently, more and more often, glaucoma affects middle-aged people, even young people.
Astigmatism
By this term it is customary to denote an eye disease, the symptom of which is the inability to focus during a visual examination of an object. Often this problem is typical for those who suffer from myopia, farsightedness. The lens, cornea, due to various aspects, lose their anatomically correct shape. In some cases, the cause is congenital, due to genetics, but the likelihood of acquiring astigmatism is high. For correction should use lenses, glasses. Interested parties are increasingly resorting to the help of qualified surgeons. The possibilities of laser surgery can effectively eliminate astigmatism without health consequences. The lack of adequate therapy causes strabismus and gradually provokes a decrease in the ability to see right up to blindness.
Color blindness
In this eye disease, the symptom is known to everyone: a person cannot correctly identify the color in the world around him. An alternative name for pathology is partial color blindness. The problem is genetic, the baby is already born with a similar violation. The impossibility of distinguishing colors is limited to several items. In different cases, a different degree of violations is diagnosed. People with color blindness suffer from the ability to perceive one of the basic colors - red, green or blue.
A rare form of eye disease close to color blindness is absolute color non-perception. This term refers to the condition when the patient is completely immune to one of the base colors. There is also a variation when green or red is perceived to be altered. Both forms are narrowly distributed, rarely diagnosed.
Anisometropia
In the list of eye diseases in humans, anisometropia is not in last place in frequency. A distinctive feature is different refractive indices for different visual organs. In this case, the brain centers can process information coming from one organ, and the second is actually ignored. Gradually, this leads to death, partial blindness. If you do not detect the problem on time and do not consult a doctor for an adequate correction method, the likelihood of squint is high. Currently, only one method has been developed to eliminate anisometropia - the use of special lenses. It is not applicable in 100% of cases - there are many contraindications for using this method of correction.
Dacryocystitis
On the Internet, you can find many photos of eye disease in this format. This is an inflammatory process in which the lacrimal sac primarily suffers. The eye becomes a source of discharge - lacrimal, purulent. The most effective and simple therapeutic approach is the constant washing of the lacrimal canal and the use of antiseptic medications. If prolonged conservative treatment does not show a decent result, the doctor may recommend surgery. In the absence of adequate treatment, the probability of absolute blindness in a short time is high.
Retinal detachment
If you ask our compatriot about the name of the eye disease, which scares the most, many will note it is detachment of the eye retina. The pathological condition consists in the gradual passage of the reticular and vascular ocular membranes from each other. In most cases, the problem is triggered by rupture of the retina. Intraocular fluid during this process may appear between the choroid and the retina, and this is the beginning of the process of exfoliation.
The only effective therapeutic approach for such a pathology is emergency surgery. In the absence of timely qualified assistance, there is a risk of a complete loss of the ability to see.
Keratitis
For this eye disease, the cause is an infectious agent that provokes inflammatory processes. Keratitis is a combined concept that includes several different pathologies that differ in similar signs. At the same time, the cornea suffers, the area gradually becomes clouded, and the ability to see decreases. Keratitis is associated with numerous unpleasant sensations, a rather severe pain syndrome. The primary stages suggest a conservative approach to therapy. If the organ is affected by numerous ulcers, the only option is emergency surgery. Its official name is keratoplasty.
Irit
This term is used to denote an eye disease in which an infectious agent affects the iris, causing an inflammatory process here. Often, the disease is associated with infection of other organs, while microscopic forms of life through systems and organs gradually spread, including capture the visual system.
As can be seen from medical statistics, among other subspecies, the most common is iridocyclitis, that is, a complex pathology. But an isolated inflammatory form, in which the agent affects exclusively the iris, is extremely rarely diagnosed. The ciliary body is the first to be involved in the process, and other parts of the eye system may gradually be involved.
Conjunctivitis
Of the other pathologies of this particular eye disease, treatment is required almost most often. The problem has an inflammatory nature, it affects the mucous membrane of the eye system from the inside. The reasons for this process are huge. A high degree of contagious disease is known. Features of a particular form determine what symptoms will accompany the process. Often the eyes are watery, swelling is fixed, abundant purulent compartments. Many have red eyes. Therapy often involves complex treatment under the supervision of not only an ophthalmologist, but also some other specialists. To whom exactly to address, the doctor will decide by examining the patient and after conducting a series of laboratory tests. Conjunctivitis can almost always be cured with medications; occasionally, eye flushing with special antiseptic components is required.
Halazion
For this eye disease, the treatment at the initial stages is medication, but often the course indicates that surgical intervention is necessary. Halazion is a benign neoplasm localized on the eyelid (bottom, top). Its cause is an inflammatory process that affects the meibomian gland and becomes the cause of blockage. The primary sign of pathology is a mild swelling of the eyelid. If you carefully examine this area, you will notice a small nodule. In some patients, purulent substances are observed. Usually, clogging can be easily established during a visual examination of the patient, additional studies, instrumental clarification is not required. Medication approaches can only help in the initial stage.
Dry eye syndrome
A fairly common red eye disease is the so-called dry eye. The peculiarity of the condition is the inability to produce tear fluid by natural processes. Because of this, the cornea and conjunctiva dry out, which leads to pain, as if it were cutting in the eyes. Many develop photophobia, swelling of the eyes, redness of this area. Other specific symptoms are possible. Therapy usually involves the use of a specialized drug - an artificial tear. You can buy it at any modern pharmacy. As a rule, dry eye syndrome is a secondary pathology provoked by another disturbance in the body. Sometimes it develops against the background of taking medications. To completely eliminate the problem, the root cause should be identified and it should be fought with it.
Barley
This term refers to a situation where the organs of vision become localization of pus secretion. The reason for this is usually an infectious agent that has infected the ciliary follicle or the sebaceous gland. Circles under the eyes, swelling, redness of the area are characteristic of this disease. The affected eye responds with pain. The progress of pathology is accompanied by the formation of an abscess. The easiest way to defeat barley in the initial stage. The problem is encountered quite often; many methods and methods have been developed for its elimination. The simplest folk recipe is the use of tea leaves to disinfect and soothe the area affected by the infectious agent.
Amblyopia
Such a disease can affect only one eye, and can spread to two at once. Amblyopia did not reveal organic causes; glasses or lenses against such a pathology do not help. In some cases, the course of the disease is not associated with any symptoms, sometimes it is possible to detect distinctive features. As a rule, amblyopia is expressed by the difficulty of focusing the gaze, the impossibility of such a process. A person can hardly perceive a color palette or even be insensitive to it. Two approaches to resolving the problem are known: surgical intervention, conservative therapy. The specific decision is left to the doctor, carefully studying the patient's history and the features of the development of the situation.
Computer syndrome
If circles under the eyes are constantly worried, the causes of the disease may be in this phenomenon. The concept is collective, it includes many problems provoked by a long stay in front of a computer monitor. At the same time, vision weakens, eyes hurt, headaches are possible. The international classification system for human diseases does not contain a mention of such a pathology, however, it is impossible to ignore it, especially taking into account the characteristics of the life of a modern person. Computer syndrome is the basis for the formation of myopia. To prevent negative ones, the latter is important to try to lead a healthy lifestyle, to rationally distribute working hours and rest periods, eat right, saturate the diet with vitamins and treat any pathologies of the visual system.
Macular degeneration
Such a pathology is more characteristic of elderly patients. Its development is fraught with the danger of complete loss of the ability to see. Usually, the pathology covers only one eye and at first proceeds completely without symptoms. As can be seen from medical statistics, macular degeneration is usually diagnosed when the condition no longer allows effective measures to be taken. Pathologies are not characteristic of pain syndromes, but the consequences for the quality of vision are irreversible.
Sclerite
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Blepharitis
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Retinal Dystrophy
This is another name for eye pathology, scary for many. The problem is quite widespread, expressed in the gradual loss of vision to complete blindness. Cases of congenital pathology are known, but dystrophy is possible. To combat the disease, several medications have been developed. Sometimes a doctor recommends surgery. If dystrophy is caused by changes related to the patient’s age, the effectiveness of any known treatment method is rather low, and the prognosis is disappointing.