Dialectics and metaphysics are opposite philosophical concepts, and their methods are considered essential for understanding the world. These concepts are quite ambiguous, and from the time of their appearance they have passed a certain evolutionary path, but their diametrism is traced throughout the history of philosophy. They consist of a combination of different techniques, which are due to general ideas about the universe. Consider what these terms mean and what are the differences in their methods.
For the first time, Socrates introduced the concept of dialectics; he derived this word from the verb “to discuss”, “to talk,” as a result of which it began to mean the art of speech, argumentation, and debate. It was believed that the struggle of two views (“dia” means two, and “lecton” is a concept in translation) leads to truth. Later, Plato developed this approach, believing that the dialectical technique combines and analyzes concepts, leading to their definition. Further, this term has increasingly become associated with the study of the development of existence.
Ancient dialectics, the founder of which was Heraclitus, had a new meaning. It emphasized the constant process of movement, which underlies everything. The ancient philosopher argued that the fact of the variability of things contradicts the nature of their being, since a moving object exists and does not exist at the same time (in his opinion, "it is impossible to enter twice into the same water").
At present, dialectics implies the doctrine of laws and laws.
the development of society and nature, which are based on the external and internal interconnection of all things, their constant movement and development. Moreover, the development refers to the qualitative, that is, the withering away of the old and the emergence of a more perfect new. This transformation occurs due to the fact that each phenomenon has two poles, connecting and denying each other (for example, male and female).
Now we learn how dialectics and metaphysics differ. Our second term at first denoted the philosophical works of Aristotle, and then for a long time it was understood as a worldview about the principles and foundation of being, which were revealed with the help of simple conclusions. Then metaphysics was given a negative meaning (in comparison with philosophy),
because its meaning did not coincide with new views on things, and this word began to be called different statements, which were not confirmed by experience.
Proponents of this approach believed that all phenomena and objects are interconnected only externally and there is no movement and contradiction in them. They saw development only in the physical growth (increase) of the existing unchanging properties of things under the influence of external forces (for example, seeds are plants in the germinal state and they do not change qualitatively in any way). Here, dialectics and metaphysics disagree in opposite directions. In addition, the main state of things, in their opinion, is peace, from which only extraneous interference (God) can lead.
As you can see, dialectics and metaphysics differ significantly in their views on development, its sources, on the interaction of objects and their movement.