The Soviet MAZ-200 truck (photos are presented on the page) is the most powerful car created in the post-war period. In 1945 of the last century, prototypes of the legendary car were assembled at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant. There were tested. Then all the documentation was transferred to the Minsk Automobile Plant . In 1951, mass production of the seven-ton MAZ-200 truck began.
Background
In August 1945, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution "On the Development of Road Transport". Based on this directive, the construction of the Minsk Automobile Plant began. According to the plan, 15,000 dump trucks were to go off the assembly line annually, while it was also planned to launch production of heavy-duty trailers.
First of all, an experimental workshop was built in Minsk, as well as an engineering building. The department of the Chief Designer was fully staffed with specialists and could already issue production documentation. The personnel department worked at full capacity, there was a set of skilled workers, minders, mechanics, painters and drivers. In the postwar years, there was a lack of specialists, the consequences of the war were felt. However, the younger generation willingly went to the plant under construction, the youth realized the importance of the development of road transport for the restoration of the national economy. The issue of personnel, therefore, was resolved in a short time.
First steps
In January 1947, the Yaroslavl Plant sent several prototypes of the YAZ-200 onboard vehicle and the YAZ-205 dump truck, which immediately went to work. And already in the autumn of 1947, the first five MAZs were assembled in the Minsk experimental workshop. New cars participated in the festive demonstration on November 7, dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the October Revolution. After the holiday, all five MAZ-205 vehicles were handed over to the builders of the Minsk Automobile Plant.
The design of the YAZ-205 and all technical specifications were completely repeated in the MAZ-205 model, the difference was only in the design of the radiator grill. In the Yaroslavl analogue, it was located horizontally, and in the Minsk car - vertically. The symbol of Minsk production was the Bialowieza bison, a beautiful powerful animal. He adorned the side panels of the engine compartment. The emblem was a miniature chrome bas-relief and was installed on all cars of serial production. Exhibition and gift items were decorated with a statuette of the Bialowieza bison, which was installed on the hood of the car in the center.
Start of serial production
In 1948, 206 cars were produced at the Minsk Automobile Plant. Assemblies were carried out in the workshops, and wooden cabins were also made. All components, assemblies and units were imported from Yaroslavl and other regions. After the first phase of the enterprise was commissioned, the Minsk plant was fully operational. In 1949, 500 dump trucks were produced.
The whole country followed the development of automobile production in Minsk. For mastering the production of new heavy trucks, dump trucks and trailers, specialists from the Yaroslavl and Minsk car plants were awarded the Stalin Prize. Among the laureates were Mazovans: the chief technologist M. Yu. Koni, the chief designer G. M. Kokin and the chief engineer B. V. Obukhov. Director of the Minsk Automobile Plant G. B. Martirosov and a group of employees received government awards, medals and orders.
Production
The car took its place in the series of Soviet freight vehicles along with ZILs and began to successfully carry out the tasks of transporting goods in the reviving national economy. The machine was operated almost throughout the USSR, its production continued until 1965, a total of 230,000 cars were produced. Separate copies also worked in the eighties, thanks to a good repair base. Currently, MAZ-200 trucks are a thing of the past, several surviving cars are rare. Individual items are the pride of collectors.
MAZ-200, technical specifications
- years of release - 1951-1965;
- manufacturer - Minsk Automobile Plant;
- class - cargo;
- layout - rear-wheel drive, front-engine;
- wheel formula - 4 x 2.
Engine:
- brand - YaAZ 204A;
- location - longitudinal;
- type - diesel;
- power system - high-pressure nozzles;
- working volume of cylinders - 4 654 cc / cm;
- power - 110 l. from. at 1300 rpm;
- torque - 460 Nm, at 1200-1400 rpm;
- the number of cylinders - 4;
- operating procedure 1 - 3 - 4 - 2;
- compression ratio - 16;
- cylinder diameter - 108 mm;
- piston stroke - 127 mm;
- configuration - in-line.
Transmission:
- type - 5-speed, mechanical;
- the index is 204.
Gear ratios:
- fifth gear - 0.78;
- fourth gear - 1.00;
- third gear - 1.79;
- second gear - 3.40;
- first gear - 6.17;
- reverse gear - 6.69;
- main drive axles - 8.21;
The clutch is dry double disc.
Dimensions and weight:
- curb weight - 6560 kg;
- gross weight - 23 060 kg;
- ground clearance (clearance) - 290 mm;
- front track - 1950 mm;
- back track - 1920 mm;
- wheelbase - 4520 mm;
- length - 7620 mm;
- height - 2430 mm;
- width - 2650 mm.
Fuel consumption - 35 liters per 100 kilometers.
The fuel tank has a capacity of 225 liters.
Chassis and steering
- type of steering gear - worm-sector;
- gear ratio - 21.5;
- front suspension - longitudinal semi-elliptic springs with hydraulic shock absorbers of reciprocating action;
- rear suspension (for the middle and last axle) - longitudinal semi-elliptic springs with reinforcing doubles and hydraulic shock absorbers of reciprocating action.
Brake system
Pneumatic all-wheel drive, atmospheric air from a high-pressure receiver, pumped by a compressor located in the engine compartment. The pressure was regulated by a valve periodically bleeding off excess air. The brake system was far from perfect, often refused. A car that lost its brakes on the go became uncontrollable. For this reason, work was carried out to improve the design of the hand brake. On the latest cars, the handbrake consisted of two “shoes”, compressing the crankshaft flywheel. In this case, the manual brake drive was mechanical and was engaged by traction from the lever to the right of the driver. Such a handbrake was called emergency. The brakes on all six wheels were drum, with adjustable pads.
Production technology
For the first time in the Soviet Union, gearbox synchronizers were used on a MAZ-200 car , providing smooth gear shifting. A tachometer appeared on the dashboard, which at that time was a rarity.
Initially, the MAZ-200, whose engine was copied from the American analogue, was produced under a partial license. Then, the domestic engine YAZ-204 was developed and the car became a completely independent production unit, having established itself in its name - MAZ-200. The model passed a series of tests, according to the results of which it was decided to create an army modification. Upcoming many months of work on the conversion.
During the military development of the MAZ-200, the engine of which was boosted to 120 liters. S., received high sides, longitudinal folding benches for transporting personnel, removable arches for awning and a winch. Traction characteristics of the winch mechanism made it possible to pull vehicles weighing up to 10 tons.
The MAZ-200 civilian vehicle also continued to develop, and the cabin was first modernized. At the first stage of production, the cabin was assembled on a wooden frame with subsequent sheathing with metal sheets. It was a rather complicated technological process that took a lot of time. The situation improved somewhat when stamping techniques appeared. Separate parts of the cab were made on a mold and then joined by contact-welding method.
Truck tractor
To tow cargo semi-trailers, the MAZ-200V car was created. The machine was equipped with a 135 liter diesel engine. sec., this was enough for driving with a trailer on roads with even surface at a speed of 45 km / h.
Use cases
The most common car manufactured on the basis of MAZ-200 was the MAZ-205 dump truck. Further use of the basic chassis was quite diverse: under the general designation "MAZ-200D", tankers, a MAZ-200-TZ tanker, milk tankers (AC-525), watering and washing machines (PM9), cranes (K-51, K) were created -52, K-53), container ships (APK-6). The MAZ-200 fireman was in special demand among business executives. It was a universal car with several functions. Created on the basis of MAZ-200 (photo is presented on the page), with fire monitors and 32 meters long retractable water guns, the fire engine has become an effective means of extinguishing fires. Sometimes a car was used in construction.
Refrigerator units CHAR-1-200, which were produced by the refrigeration equipment factory in Cherkessk, were also installed on the MAZ-200 chassis. In small batches, the all-wheel drive timber truck MAZ-501 was produced. The MAZ-200 truck was an inexhaustible source of new modifications.
Enhancements
In the course of production, the MAZ-200 was repeatedly modernized. Direction indicators combined with sidelights, windshields made monolithic, they no longer opened, as before. A new belt brake was developed and installed. Powerful batteries of the type 6-STM-128 were placed under the passenger seats. The regular generator was replaced with the new G-25B, the old starter was abolished, replacing it with a more powerful, high-speed ST-26. Standard electrical equipment of 12 volts was transferred to a 24-volt format.
New car engine
In 1962, the car was equipped with a new four-stroke six-cylinder engine YaMZ-236 of increased efficiency. The motor power was 165 hp, it began to be widely used in the production of the MAZ-500 family of various modifications. Cars manufactured in 1962 with a new engine changed their name: the base airborne model became known as MAZ-200P, a truck tractor was made under the name MAZ-200M. Another tractor of the time called MAZ-200R was equipped with a special hydraulic system for tipping the body of the MAZ-5232V dump truck.
The car was modified for the needs of the national economy of the USSR, MAZs worked in every economic sector of the country, and if necessary, a new car was created that corresponded to the newly designated tasks. Industrial development required ever new cars.