The currently popular and widespread commercial vehicles of the GAZ brand are equipped with UMP engines manufactured at the Ulyanovsk Motor Plant.
A bit of history
The Ulyanovsk Motor Plant takes its beginning from the distant 1944, and only in 1969 the enterprise produced the first UMP engine. Until the sixty-ninth year, the plant was engaged in the production of small-capacity engines UMZ-451 and their components.
Since the release of the first motor, they have faithfully served on trucks, off-road vehicles, and on small buses. In 1997, AvtoGAZ became the main consumer of engines, which equipped UMP units with most of the GAZelle models.
Design features
At the moment, there is a wide range of ICE model range UMP, the installation of which is carried out on different models of cars "Sobol", UAZ, "GAZelle". Installed engines have a number of common features, but may differ in some details and operating principles:
- Carburetor and injection.
- Four-cylinder in-line.
- With a capacity of 89-120 l. from.
- Environmental standards Euro-0, Euro-3, Euro-4.
All engines are lightweight, compact and reliable. They are distinguished by affordable cost.
One of the features of the engine can be called the original design of the cylinder block, cast from aluminum, with pressed-in liners made of gray cast iron. Crankshafts of motors of all modifications in the manufacture undergo hardening of the main and connecting rod journals with high-frequency currents. A self-locking rubber seal seals the rear of the crankshaft.
Modifications to the lineup
UMP engines have two lines of power units designed to equip various cars.
Cars of the GAZelle family are equipped with the following models: UMZ-4215; UMP-4216; UMP-42161; UMP-42164 Euro-4; UMP-421647 Euro-4; UMP-42167.
The main part of the engines comes out in several variations, which differ in their configuration, power and economical performance. At the moment, the production of units running on gasoline with an octane rating of 80 has stopped.
All engines are designed for 92 and 95 gasoline, as well as with the possibility of working on gas.
This review is dedicated to the power plant UMZ-4216, its characteristics and properties will be described in detail.
pros
The advantages of the motor include the maximum torque at reduced speeds, excellent technical characteristics, as well as ease of maintenance of components and assemblies. The 4216 engine was the first domestic device to have a warranty period when installing gas equipment on it.
Modernization
The unit is equipped with a microprocessor-based fuel injection and ignition control system. Detonation and oxygen sensors of the 4216 engine directly affect the operation of the integrated electronic control system and the unit as a whole. To change the economic characteristics and increase competitiveness, the following design additions were made to the power plant:
- To increase operational performance, the compression ratio in the cylinders was increased.
- To reduce oil consumption, the crankcase exhaust system was modernized.
- Reliability of the motor is ensured through the use of advanced parts and materials.
At the same time, the unit has not changed in terms of overall parameters and standard characteristics (working volume - 2.89 l, piston stroke, cylinder size).
For the first time, the GAZ-4216 engine began to be equipped with imported parts, which only increased the quality of work and durability in operation. Fuse plugs and fuel nozzles manufactured by Siemens were installed on the power unit, as well as a Bosch throttle position sensor made in Germany.
The main malfunctions of UMP
Previously, the most common engine failure was damage to the intake manifold. According to the developers, a manifold made of fragile material was installed on the 4216 engine. But already in 2010, this shortcoming was corrected through the use of better materials.
A flaw was also found in the cooling system.
At medium engine speeds and when the car was moving at a speed of 60 km / h, the temperature of the coolant was normal, but as soon as the speed was reduced or it got into the traffic jam, the 4216 engine quickly gained temperature, up to the boiling of the coolant. The reason lay in the
electromagnetic clutch, which included a forced cooling fan.
Technical specifications
The engine runs on AI gasoline with an octane rating of 92 and 95. Four-cylinder, in-line cylinder, eight-valve. The cylinders have the following working order - 1243. Its diameter is one hundred millimeters, and the movement of the piston is 92 millimeters. The engine capacity is 2.89 liters, it develops a power of 123 “horses” at four thousand revolutions. The compression ratio of the motor is 8.8. The maximum torque is 235.7 at 2000-2500 rpm.
GAZelle with an UMZ-4216 engine can reach a maximum speed of 140 kilometers per hour, which is a good indicator for this class of car. Fuel consumption depends on the load of the car, driving style and road conditions, but in general it looks like this: at a speed of 90 kilometers per hour - 10.4 liters. When driving at a speed of 120 km / h - 14.9 liters.
Supply system
It consists of a fuel supply device and various fuel lines, nozzles, fuel and air filters, air supply pipes and a receiver, an idle speed controller.
Fuel supply control is carried out using a variety of sensors: temperature element of forced air, crankshaft and camshaft position sensors, absolute pressure part, throttle valve position.
The feed control system is also equipped with an oxygen indicator. The latter is installed in the exhaust system in front of the converter. The engine 4216 (injector) for greater reliability and durability should work only on high-quality gasoline, taking into account the regular replacement of fuel filters and periodic diagnostics of fuel equipment. Motorists say that with proper operation, the total resource of the power unit can reach 500 thousand kilometers. Injection units of the
Zavolzhsky Motor Plant also differ in this feature (meaning ZMZ 405 and 406 engines).
Gas distribution mechanism
In 2010, at the Ulyanovsk plant, a gasoline engine underwent a gas distribution mechanism modernization process. In general, this affected the change in cam cam profile, which contributed to an increase in valve travel by one millimeter. These innovations were necessary to improve the stable operation of the unit at idle, as well as to achieve the norms and requirements of the Euro-3 standard.
In this case, the valve springs did not change, and this led to the fact that the acting force on the springs crossed the norm, and now it was equal to 180 kgf. When installing a conventional set of rods on a new engine, the knocking of hydraulic compensators was heard before reaching the state of a warm engine.
In order to prevent this problem, the force of the springs should be changed by dismantling the internal valve springs.
Advantages of booms with hydraulic lifters
The UMZ-4216 engine with hydraulic compensators does not require additional maintenance due to the absence of valve clearances throughout the entire period of operation. Due to this, the noise level is noticeably reduced. High engine speeds are no longer critical, since the design of hydraulic lifters has a factor in stabilizing the appearance of critical loads. The degree of wear of the mating surfaces of the parts of the mechanism is significantly reduced. Due to the optimization of the gas distribution phases, the harmful impurities of the exhaust gases are stably low over the entire period of operation.
Crankcase ventilation
The motor is equipped with a closed crankcase ventilation system. Part of the gases passing through the compression rings is diverted to the intake manifold in a combined manner. The operation of the system is due to the pressure difference between the crankcase and the intake tract. At a time when the 4216 engine is operating in high load mode, gases are vented through a special large branch.
On a small branch, gas removal occurs at the time of operation of the installation at idle and at minimum loads.
In the front cover of the pusher block, a draft regulator of the ventilation system is installed, which performs the function of separating microparticles of oil from gases and serves to prevent dust from entering the crankcase at the moment of increasing traction in the intake system.
Oil
Engine lubrication system - combined type (by spraying and under the influence of pressure). The oil that sucks the oil pump from the sump passes through the oil channels into the oil filter housing. Then it enters the cavity of the second jumper of the block, and from there to the trunk. Oil enters the main journals of the crankshaft and camshaft from the oil line.
The connecting rod journals are lubricated due to oil flow through the channels from the
main bearings. According to this principle, the lubrication of parts of the gas distribution mechanism.
The volume of oil being poured into the crankcase is 5.8 liters.
Cooling system
The cooling system is closed, water. It consists of a water pump (pomp), a thermostat, a water jacket in the cylinder block and head, a cooling radiator, an expansion tank, a forced cooling fan, connecting pipes and a radiator for the interior heater.
The GAZelle 4216 engine, depending on the modification, may have distinctive features in the method of connecting the expansion tank and heater radiator.
At this time, the cost of the engine will vary depending on the year of manufacture and its modification. For example, the first equipment with a generator and starter, with a clutch of a diaphragm type, with flat support brackets for an updated frame will cost about 130 thousand rubles.
If you purchase a 4216 engine from your hands, the price will drop significantly (depending on the mileage of the car).
So, we found out what the technical characteristics of the unit of the Ulyanovsk plant UMZ-4216 have.