One of the most popular modes of transport, especially when traveling long distances - air. Traveling by plane is faster than land transport, high comfort and safety. Despite the information on tragedies and air crashes, according to statistics, flying is the safest way to travel.
If we compare the frequency of air crashes and accidents on roads, it becomes clear that the aircraft is still much more reliable.
Passenger liners
The first passenger aircraft began to be used massively from the beginning of the XX century. They were small and carried no more than 15 passengers at a time. Over time, aviation developed more and more, aircraft began to be produced in many countries of the world. In the last century, their models were evaluated solely in terms of passenger and cargo capacity, as well as flight range. Currently, in addition to these indicators, manufacturers are faced with more requirements - the aircraft must be economical in terms of fuel consumption and have a very low noise level. In modern conditions, these requirements are very important, and manufacturing companies around the world are obliged to take them into account.
Types of passenger liners
According to their dimensions, passenger aircraft are usually divided into wide-body, narrow-body, regional and local. Widebody - the largest in size and passenger capacity, their length is more than 70 meters, diameter - 4-5 meters. Width in the cabin of such an airliner fits 6-10 rows of passenger seats. These aircraft are used for flights over long or medium-range distances; they are very expensive. The narrow-body are considered the most common, they are in almost every airline. They are used at medium distances, they are smaller in capacity and diameter - 4 meters. The Airbus Industry A320 belongs to this type, which is much cheaper and more economical in operation. Regional aircraft can accommodate up to 100 passengers, they are more often used for domestic flights within one country, local ones are even smaller in size, they fly over distances of up to 1000 km.
Airbus Industrie (Airbus Industry A320)
The manufacturer of the A320 aircraft is the European consortium Airbus SAS. Work on the creation of such an aircraft began in Europe in the early 70s. The main challenge facing the manufacturers was to create a model that could accommodate 130-180 passengers, did not exceed the low noise level and made it possible to operate on short runways. Such an aircraft was created 17 years later - the Airbus Industry A320 made its first flight on February 22, 1987. All work on his research was completed, and he was put into production. "Airbus Industry A320" (photos of the aircraft are presented in the article) impresses with its appearance not only on aviation professionals, but also on passengers.
The first customer was the French
airline AIR France, it was she who purchased the first aircraft. This happened after the Airbus Industry A320 aircraft passed certification in Europe at the end of February 1988, and in the USA in December. Then, in subsequent years, this model gained widespread popularity and spread throughout the world.
Features
Airbus Industry A320 has a number of technical features that distinguish it from other aircraft of this type. The main distinguishing feature is considered to be the presence of an electrical control system - EMDS. Previously, such a system was not used in aircraft construction; it was first installed on the Airbus Industry A320. In the cockpit, on the dashboard there are 6 screens that display information about the condition of the engines and the position of the aircraft, as well as information from auxiliary systems. In addition, there is an improvement in the cockpit - the so-called side sticks, side handles - they replace the usual helm of the aircraft in their functions. Each pilot, for his part, has such a side stick. All technical innovations and new features allow us to automate control of the aircraft, in this regard, the number of pilots was reduced to two people. The changes affected not only the cockpit, but also the passenger cabin - compared to other aircraft of this type, the Airbus Industry A320 has a wider cabin, more space for hand luggage. Shelves are 11% wider, individual lighting is provided above each passenger seat, it is now possible to adjust the brightness of the interior lighting from 0 to 100%.
Automatic control of the Airbus Industry A320 aircraft is carried out through the operation of on-board computers - they have also been optimized and improved. Thanks to all these technical characteristics, he has gained trust and popularity around the world. Many Russian airlines constantly use this particular model of aircraft, Airbus Industry A320, Aeroflot, Sibir S7 and others.
Interior layout
Each seat in the passenger compartment has a number of disadvantages and advantages that should be borne in mind when buying a ticket. Modern sales systems allow each passenger purchasing a ticket in advance to choose a specific seat in the cabin. Each of them has not only a number, but also a letter that designates a row. Therefore, it is advisable for an air passenger to know which Airbus Industry A320 has a cabin layout. On it you can see that places A and F are located next to the porthole, rows B and E are in the middle of the seats, C and D are next to the aisle. From the first to the sixth row - business class seats, they have a greater distance between the seats and can be expanded almost to the supine position. Rows 1, 12 and 13 are located next to the emergency exit, the last rows are at the toilet.
Most often, passengers prefer seats at the beginning of the cabin - there is a closer exit, more choice of drinks on offer. It should be borne in mind that these seats are often booked by passengers with children. One of the most comfortable aircraft for passengers is the Airbus Industry A320. Reviews of frequent flyers indicate its comfort and reliability.
Air crashes
According to official figures, over the entire period of operation of the Airbus Industry A320, 26 serious accidents and disasters occurred. In most cases, according to the results of investigations, the cause of the crash was the human factor - incorrect actions by pilots and crew led to tragic consequences. Cases of rough landing of the aircraft are mentioned , in these cases there are no victims, but the aircraft is not subject to further operation. The largest disaster associated with the Airbus Industry A320 is considered to have happened in 2007 in Sao Paulo - an airplane belonging to TAM Airlines rolled out of a wet runway, crashed into an airport fuel depot and caught fire. On board the aircraft were 199 people, there were no survivors.