This article will discuss the main subject for study by the composition of the fire departments. This is a fire drill. Consider its objectives, content, we will analyze the guidelines for training.
What is it?
Fire fighting training, as we have already noted, is the main subject of training, developed for the personnel of divisions and fire protection units. This is a training on the methods and techniques of working with all fire fighting equipment.
The training program is aimed at the following:
- Achievement of high performance in combat training of personnel, achievement of coherence of work, readiness for the most non-standard tasks.
- The maximum development of both strong-willed, special, and physical qualities of firefighters.
- Ensuring the successful completion of fire extinguishing tasks in a wide variety of conditions.
Fire drill is not a short course. Classes are held throughout the year. Include the following:
- Organization and planning of the learning process. This is the compilation of a thematic curriculum, class schedule, standards that need to be worked out, and plans for specific classes.
- Monitoring student performance, assessing their skills, knowledge, skills.
- Improving the professional and pedagogical training of direct occupational leaders.
- Control over the entire learning process.
An important part of fire fighting drill is the implementation of special applied exercises. They include a variety of actions and techniques with fire fighting equipment that form and improve the special skills of personnel, contribute to the development of its physical qualities.
The goals and objectives of the fire drill and tactical drill training are determined by a number of documents:
- Guidance documentation of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation.
- Legal regulatory acts at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
- Normative departmental acts.
All of the above is formulated in thematic and curricula and plans.
Toolkit
Guidelines for fire drill training - aids both in organizing and conducting classes with personnel of the whole variety of fire departments. In practice, this is training in the basic rules for working with technical weapons, fire fighting equipment, firefighter hand tools, various rescue devices and personal protective equipment for firefighters themselves. To summarize, these are guidelines for working with all fire fighting equipment.
These recommendations are designed for the following recipients:
- The personnel of the fire brigade.
- Fire-technical NRU (decoding - research institutions).
- Training fire-technical organizations.
- Special fire brigade calculations.
Responsibilities of Leaders
The heads of the fire protection divisions, their governing bodies, fire-technical educational organizations are endowed with a number of responsibilities for fire drill and tactical drill. This is the following:
- Create all the necessary conditions for high-quality and timely training of personnel.
- To provide a high level of professional and methodological training for both the heads of departments and those officials who are responsible for conducting and providing classes.
- To ensure systemic development and improvement of the material and technical base. It should allow creating a real atmosphere during the exercises, allowing conducting the whole set of exercises with the personnel to work out the standards for fire drill training.
- Pay particular attention to ensuring the safety of personnel during such practical exercises.
- Take into account the specifics of the official tasks performed when planning classes, as well as the variety of fire fighting equipment available, the level of training of personnel, the state of training support, and labor protection regulations.
Forms of training
Teaching aids on fire fighting drill suggest its three main forms:
- Theoretical studies. Accordingly, they include the study of the theoretical base, descriptions of the principles of fire fighting equipment, the study of the psychophysiological characteristics of personnel.
- Practical lessons. The group includes the following: training, control, verification, demonstration exercises on the fire strip of psychological training, in the heat playpen, in the heat and smoke chamber, at the training ground, etc. Such classes are aimed at improving and maintaining special and general skills, coherence and work of duty shifts and units, solving common problems to improve psychological and physical preparation.
- Extracurricular activities. This implies adversarial forms of fulfilling the standards for fire drill training, contests, competitions, passing tests for the improvement of physical, special and psychological qualities. Used for this hours of cultural and leisure, sports and mass work, self-training.
Basic preparation methods
Carrying out fire drill training is the use of proven practical training methods:
- Informational, informing. Conversation, oral presentation of the topic, execution of commands.
- On the formation of skills. Demonstration, explanation, exercise.
- To consolidate and further improve skills. Repetition of the passed, competitions, training, various levels of independent work.
- Testing and evaluation of acquired knowledge, skills and abilities. Practical control exercises, observation.
- Instructive. Alignment with the needs of students, finding out how clear they are the material.
Training sequence
Testing the standards for fire drill training is always a systematic, specially structured exercise. So, these exercises always go through three stages:
- Create a preliminary idea of a new exercise.
- Learning this exercise.
- Strengthening motor skills and their further improvement.
Each of the steps we will further analyze in detail.
When fulfilling the standards for fire drill training by personnel, the head of classes should pay special attention to the following:
- Control and systematic substantive error correction. What is meant by this? The head of classes should first of all correct the main, initial mistakes of students, and then minor and secondary. This happens through a demonstration, demonstration of leading exercises, visual aids and so on.
- The use of measures that prevent injuries and provide safe conditions for the performance of learning motor tasks. The most important conditions here will be: conducting a thorough warm-up, selection of exercises that correspond to the level of training of students, compliance with normal hygienic and physiological conditions.
First stage of training
Classes in fire fighting training begin with the creation of a preliminary idea of a new technique, methodology. To do this, the class leader undertakes the following:
- Introduces students to the name of the exercise, its basic elements, while operating in professional terminology.
- Demonstrates visual aids for creating motor performance.
- Demonstrates the technique and implementation techniques.
- Explains the sequence of exercises of the exercise, while acquainting the personnel with the temporal and spatial characteristics of the actions performed.
- Explains how to perform an exercise, its individual methods are safe.
- Conducts trial attempts to complete the exercise.
- Informs the personnel about violations, mistakes made during the trial training.
- Continues the lesson, trial attempts.
Second stage of training
The next stage of exercises on fire drill and tactical and special training is direct learning. Its purpose: mastering the personnel of the technique of performing exercises, the formation of new motor skills at the fire department. To do this, go from theoretical to practical exercises.
The preparedness of the personnel, the complexity of the exercise affect how it will be unlearned - in whole or in part. Key differences are highlighted here:
- Learning the whole thing. The motor task is solved in a holistic way, its main components, elements are perceived by the educators in a general way. As a rule, this method is good for simple exercises. But it is also used for complex ones - when the action is difficult or impractical to break into parts.
- Learning by elements. Here the plus is a greater methodological advantage. The method is suitable for cases when the exercise consists of elements that are heterogeneous in nature, which are united only by a common tactical and technical goal. Such a motor task, its structure can easily be divided into individual elements. After the personnel has mastered the exercise in parts, you can proceed to its continuous execution.
Third stage of training
The development of standards for fire drill training necessarily includes the development of classes to stabilize the methods and techniques for performing the exercise. It is important here to achieve its availability when personnel carry out specific actions to extinguish a fire.
Here, under the stabilization of methods and techniques, the developed ability to perform an exercise each time either equally or within the boundaries of permissible deviations is advocated.
The first step is to complete the motor task under standard conditions. Then it’s important to move on to improving skills. The exercise is repeated during training, include additional combinations of skills. The task is carried out already in unusual, unusual conditions, on shells, training objects with various characteristics. At the same time, the quality of the exercise, the time spent on the action is evaluated.
Lesson plan
The head of classes is always systemic prepared for each new lesson. A significant place in this is the preparation of a detailed plan:
- Introductory part. Here methods and methodological receptions should be disclosed: building a group, a report, checking the readiness of both students and the place of classes. Next - bringing to the personnel goals, objectives of the exercise. Mandatory verification of knowledge, standards, labor protection rules, the ability to work with fire fighting equipment.
- The preparatory part. An ordered description of general developmental and special strengthening exercises. Special exercises are performed after physical exercises.
- Main part. An ordered description of training issues (special exercises with fire fighting equipment are implied), as well as the actions of the leader in solving the main tasks of the exercise.
- Final part. This section of the plan reflects the content and sequence of the analysis of the lesson, summing up, bringing training equipment in order. Lists questions for general and private analysis.
The structure of a separate lesson
Having examined the system for mastering a new skill, action technique, and motor task, we now turn to building the structure of each fire drill training class. At its core, this is a lesson, a training lesson that is of a training nature. It acts as the main means of organizing training for personnel, within the framework of which all the above-described forms, methods and teaching aids are implemented.
Each fire drill training session consists of four components:
- Introductory part. This is the preparation of the study group to complete the tasks of the following two parts of the training.
- The preparatory part. This is preparing students for the main part of the lesson. This includes both special and general developmental exercises. In their conclusion, students should prepare the logistics for the main part of the lesson.
- Main part. In fact, this is a methodological substructure, the elements of which are certain types of activity of both students and the head of the lesson. Its elements, their sequence, are determined by the latter in accordance with the training program. It is here that the main tasks of the entire lesson are solved: the development of psychological and physical qualities of personnel, the formation and improvement of new skills, methods and techniques, the mastery of the technique of working with fire fighting equipment as part of a shift shift, guard, squad. The bulk of class time is allocated to this part. The success of its passage determines the effectiveness of the entire lesson.
- Final part. It is aimed at enhancing recovery processes in the student’s body, as well as putting in order the involved training facilities. It ends with a general construction: here the general results are summarized, vectors are set for independent work.
Thus, fire drill classes are systemic, related exercises designed for the personnel of units and fire brigade units. Each lesson has its own clear plan, structure. Exercises are combined into a cycle of classes on the development of a certain skill, the ability to work with fire fighting equipment.