The cause of acute tooth injuries in children is usually any strong simultaneous effect. It could be a fall, a blow, or an injury due to an accident. For some reason, some parents are in no hurry to seek medical help after a traumatic tooth injury in children and believe that there is even nothing to treat, although in this case we are talking about the further health of the child. Teeth are the most important system, which is vitally necessary to maintain. Next, we will talk about the treatment and consequences of pathology, and also consider the classification of dental injuries in children.
Classification
The classification is carried out according to various parameters, for example, in the direction, strength and place of application of the blow, as well as the degree of damage to the incisors. It is very important to evaluate criteria such as the condition of the teeth, the age of the child, and especially periodontal conditions.
More than thirty percent of children whose front teeth are damaged or lost have lost them due to a serious injury. Injuries to primary teeth are the most common occurrence in children under three years of age, not counting, of course, cones and abrasions.
Especially unpleasant is the trauma of permanent teeth in children.
Temporary teeth are often injured due to dislocation, fracture or fracture of the crown. On permanent teeth in children, breaking off parts of the crown along with dislocations or bruises can be observed. A fracture of the dental crown is also common. Dental problems in children can occur at any age, but it is most likely that it will damage the primary teeth in the period from one year to three years. As for trouble with permanent teeth, those occur at the age of ten. This is due to the peaks of children's age-related activity, at this time children are not yet able to calculate the incoming physical strengths and capabilities.
So, what are the injuries of teeth in children?
Bruised tooth in children
The first hours after a bruise can cause significant painful reactions in children, which intensify when bitten. After receiving an injury, the tooth very often staggers. In the event that, due to a bruise, the vascular bundle breaks, then hemorrhage in the pulp is likely. In order to clarify the condition of the pulp, a couple of days later, odontometry is performed in children after a mechanical injury to the teeth.
What is the therapy?
Treatment consists in creating conditions of absolute rest, while all solid food is excluded from the diet. A similar injury to a baby tooth can be treated by grinding the cutting surface. Permanent cutting tools are undesirable. In the event that violations in the pulp of the affected tooth are irreversible, an opening of the crown is performed. Next, the dead pulp is removed, and the canal is sealed. In case of darkening of the crown, it is bleached before filling.
Tooth dislocation
This is also an acute tooth injury in children.
Dislocation is called displacement. Such injury occurs when force has been applied laterally or vertically. As a rule, in order to displace the tooth, a substantial effort is required. But in the event that the bone tissue is destroyed, dislocation can easily occur due to hard food, and the tooth, in turn, will almost certainly damage the integrity of the gums. Dislocations may be accompanied by fractures of the tooth root. The consequences are different:
- In case of complete dislocation, the tooth completely falls out of the hole.
- Incomplete is characterized by a small displacement from the alveoli of the tooth root. In this case, there will be signs in the form of a rupture of periodontal tissues.
- A knock-in dislocation is an advancement of a tooth from a hole into the body of the jaw, which significantly destroys bone tissue.
Dislocation treatment
How to treat such an acute tooth injury in children?
The symptomatology of any dislocation is as follows: tooth mobility occurs, and in addition, complaints of pain in one or more incisors. During treatment, doctors decide whether to preserve the affected tooth. In this case, it is advisable to assess the state of bone tissue. In the event that up to half of the bone tissue has survived at the root, the tooth is retained.
A damaged tooth is repaired with anesthesia, and then a rest state is created. In addition, doctors determine how much the pulp has suffered. In the event that the nerve bundle is broken, the pulp can remain viable. Pulp necrosis often requires its removal, and in addition, filling the canals. The condition of the pulp is checked by its reaction to electricity. In case of doubt, the pulp is later re-checked and observed in dynamics.
Teeth injuries in children are different. When a tooth is injected into the jaw, the child feels severe pain. In this case, you can see a decreased chewing organ. In this case, it is advisable to fix the damaged tooth and remove the dead pulp as soon as possible so that the tooth color does not change. A complete dislocation is a tooth loss entirely. In the event that periodontal tissues have not been changed, the chewing organ undergoes replantation.
Sequencing
The sequence of actions in this situation will be as follows:
- Pulp removal.
- Performing channel filling.
- Treatment of the hole and tooth with antiseptics.
- Tooth return to the old place.
- At the end, it is fixed.
Subsequently, a small patient is observed and a control x-ray is performed. In the event that the tooth was re-implanted within the first thirty minutes after the injury, it is likely to persist for a long time. If he is returned to his former place later, then rehabilitation lasts much longer.
Tooth fracture in children
Such a tooth injury in children is very easy to diagnose because it is visible to the eye. Treatment in this case directly depends on the amount of tissue lost. Part of the crown can be restored using a filling composite material. It is important immediately before sealing to cover the dentin with a special gasket. The crown can best be restored with a cap. In addition, parapulpar pins can be used.
During the opening of the tooth cavity with an injury, anesthesia is performed, the pulp is eliminated and the canal is filled. In order to fix the seal as intensively as possible, the doctor installs a pin, which is fixed in the channel. It is possible to use composite fillings, caps, crowns or tabs. In the event that the tooth is broken, it is necessary to restore it as quickly as possible, since the neighboring incisors will tend to occupy a free place and begin to bend. In the future, with such a development of events, prosthetics will be impossible without the intervention of an orthodontist.
Most often, the child has an anterior tooth injury.
Dental fracture in children
With this injury, it is important to perform an x-ray for the diagnosis. The possibility of further preservation of the root depends on the results of the study. A transverse fracture should be treated, depending on how deeply the tooth has broken in the child. Breaking along the border involves opening the damaged area, then removing the pulp, filling the canal and connecting the breaking area with special pins.
Features
Teeth are often damaged during childhood. A feature of the diagnosis, treatment and restoration of children's masticatory organs is the significant difference between children and adults. In children, the tooth system is not fully formed, in addition, they grow rapidly. Another feature of dental injuries is that they are independent in children and have nothing to do with lesions of other parts of the face. In addition, children have less patience than adults, so their treatment can be extremely difficult.
It is worth noting that in recent years the number of injuries of primary teeth in children has been growing, as children's sports are actively developing. Acute anterior tooth injuries are the most common among children. Their frequency, as a rule, is up to twenty percent of the total number of various lesions. Children can lose several teeth at once if the process is left to chance. Mostly the upper chewing organs are affected. By the way, as statistics show, in boys upper teeth are injured twice as often as in girls.
Currently, the number of complicated injuries is increasing. For example, the number of inflammatory processes leading to a halt in the formation of permanent teeth is increasing. As a result, children who have experienced the described troubles are guaranteed early tooth loss.
Odontogenic cysts
Dentists noted an increase in the number of odontogenic cysts in the frontal region. Such complications, and in particular the constant negative dynamics, indicate that modern doctors are not sufficiently familiar with specific methods of treating traumatic tooth injuries in children. Correct the current situation, perhaps, is possible only at the state level.
Treatment of dental injuries in children
The stages of therapy in children can be different in time. Sometimes it can be several days, but more often it happens that treatment can take up to three years. Its duration depends on the severity of the injury, and in addition, on the degree of formation of the child’s tooth system and the methods of treatment chosen. Children with dental injuries need rehabilitation measures. As a rule, treatment is divided into the following three stages:
- The stage of initial treatment lasts from the first visit to the doctor with a complaint immediately prior to the provision of special medical care. Help can be provided to a child in any medical facility. In the event that only the teeth are affected, and the soft tissue with the bones of the facial skeleton is intact and there is no concussion, then the child is referred to the dentist. It is best to immediately contact a pediatric dentist. The doctor will conduct activities that assess the condition of the patient, diagnose, anesthetize or prescribe analgesics. As a rule, specialized therapy is delayed for several days.
- The second stage begins with a medical history. In this case, the cause of the injury is determined and special treatment is prescribed up to an absolute recovery. This includes the preparation of medical documentation along with work with an anamnesis, clinical studies, x-rays, diagnosis and treatment.
- At the third stage, the functions of the injured incisors are restored, as well as aftercare and dispensary observation.
The division of restorative post-traumatic therapy into these stages makes it possible to quickly assess how well the child is being helped.
Effects
What are the consequences of injuries to deciduous teeth in children?
For children in particular, it is especially important to eliminate any consequences of injuries on time, since all processes occur faster and the dental system is not yet fully formed. The delay in visiting the dentist after the injury threatens the child not just with the loss of one or several teeth, but with a serious delay in the development of permanent masticatory organs or their pathology. Due to the delay and prolongation of the visit to the dentist, the diagnosis, therapy and restoration of normal dental function are very difficult.
Parents are often afraid of going to the dentist, citing the fact that the child is most likely not to sit the procedure. Of course, it is not easy to eliminate the consequences of injury, but it will be even more difficult for the child if they do not receive timely assistance, because a person needs to use his teeth all his life, therefore, taking care of them is an important point in a healthy and happy life.
We examined what injuries of teeth and jaws are in children.