In gynecological practice, a disease such as a multi-chamber ovarian cyst is often found among women of reproductive age. Also, such a pathology is often diagnosed in women at the age of fifty, when the menopause begins. The cyst is usually not considered a tumor, but it is almost equated with it. The neoplasm consists of several chambers separated by partitions, inside of which there are cavities. Usually they are large.
Characterization and description of the pathology
Ovarian cysts are multi-chamber - a neoplasm of a benign nature, formed from epithelial cells, inside which there are many chambers, separated by partitions, with cavities inside.
First, a cavity formation appears in the ovary, which is formed from epithelial tissue. It may have a different size. The growth of ovarian tissue occurs as a result of accumulation of intercellular fluid in the epithelial cavity. If the neoplasm is not timely removed, the fluid continues to accumulate.
The appearance of a cyst is caused by the fact that in due time the follicle, in which the egg ripens, does not burst, fluid accumulates in it, so it increases in size. As the cyst grows, the woman begins to feel pain. Education can appear both on the right, and on the left ovary.
In medicine, such a neoplasm is called a mucinous cyst. It can grow to a huge size. Most often, the presence of pathology jeopardizes the woman's ability to become pregnant in the future. In a short period of time, the neoplasm can transform into a cancerous tumor, therefore, it requires surgical intervention.
Why does pathology develop?
There are many reasons why an ovarian cyst is formed. These include:
- Disruption of the hormonal system.
- During the menstrual cycle, a change in hormone concentration occurs. A high level of progesterone provokes the development in the second phase of the cyst cycle.
- Inflammatory and pathological organs of the genitourinary system.
- Congenital malformations of the genital organs.
- Frequent abortions, early sexual intercourse.
- Complications after surgery.
- Endocrine Disorders
- Pregnancy.
- Long stress, poor nutrition.
- The use of anti-cancer drugs, hormonal contraceptives.
- Neglected diseases of the genitals.
All of these factors influence the formation of a multi-chamber cyst of the left ovary or the right. This can happen at any stage in a woman’s life. But most often in reproductive and adulthood. If the disease is congenital in nature, it means that some negative factors affected the fetus:
- bad habits of a pregnant woman;
- taking medications while carrying a child;
- stress in the mother;
- hereditary predisposition.
Varieties of pathology
In principle, any ovarian cyst can be multi-chamber. Partitions sometimes form as the neoplasm grows. In gynecology, these types of cysts are distinguished:
- A follicular cyst is formed in place of a follicle that has not burst. With prolonged growth, the neoplasm becomes multi-chamber, has a large size.
- The corpus luteum cyst appears in place of the follicle that burst.
- A paraovarial neoplasm is located near the ovary, is not formed from its tissue.
- An endometrial neoplasm appears in the endometrial region. As the cyst grows, many chambers with dark contents form in it.
- The dermoid cyst contains in the cells such components as nails, hair, adipose tissue, etc.
- Cystadenoma can transform into cancer.
A multi-chamber ovarian cyst of large sizes (more than five centimeters), it requires surgical intervention, since drug therapy is ineffective, a secret is constantly being generated in its cavities. Often inside the septum can be cancer cells. Often, a cyst provokes the development of serious complications.
Symptoms and signs of the disease
Symptoms of pathology are often similar to signs of other diseases of the reproductive system. Usually, in the presence of a cyst, a woman has the following symptoms:
- Pain in the lower abdomen, it can be either periodic or permanent, give to the lower back, left or right side.
- Discomfort and pressure in the rectum, bladder.
- Frequent urination.
- With a huge size of the neoplasm, shortness of breath appears, pressure on the abdominal cavity.
- Stomach enlargement.
- Increased pain during physical activity.
- Disorder of the menstrual cycle.
Symptoms that signal urgent hospitalization include:
- An increase in body temperature.
- Loss of consciousness.
- An increase in hair on the chin, nasolabial area.
- Rapid weight loss.
If you ignore the symptoms and the absence of treatment of a multi-chamber ovarian cyst, dangerous complications can develop, and in some cases, death due to rupture of the cyst.
Complications and consequences
With power loads, sexual intercourse, fast driving or shaking, the cyst may burst. Its contents flow to the ovaries and can enter the abdominal cavity. In this case, there will be a sharp severe pain, which may indicate the development of internal bleeding. A woman loses consciousness, blood pressure drops. This condition is very dangerous and requires immediate hospitalization.
Rarely, but the development of hemorrhagic shock is possible. Also, with hypothermia of the body, a violation of the immune system, pus appears inside the cyst cavity, which can cause the development of purulent infection and sepsis. Sometimes an ovarian abscess develops. Often a multi-chamber cyst degenerates into a cancerous tumor.
Also, as the cyst grows, it begins to squeeze nearby organs, vessels and nerves. This provokes stagnation of venous blood in the lower extremities, and varicose veins develop.
The larger the size of the neoplasm, the higher the risk of its rupture. Which will lead to a life-threatening condition.
Multi-chamber ovarian cyst in a pregnant woman
A pregnant woman has a cyst for the same reasons as all other women. Usually the pathology is a cyst of the corpus luteum, which usually disappear on their own before the twelfth week of pregnancy. But another variety of cysts may appear. Usually it is small and does not show symptoms; it is detected with ultrasound in the early stages.
But in this case, it is difficult to completely exclude the benign nature of the neoplasm, this is especially true when the cyst did not disappear at the sixteenth week of pregnancy. As the uterus grows, it will begin to put pressure on the cyst, as a result of which the latter can burst. The higher the gestational age, the more difficult the therapy will be.
Diagnostic measures
The doctor examines the patient's complaints, conducts a gynecological examination, in which the approximate characteristics of the cyst are clarified. Then the specialist prescribes the following examination methods:
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs makes it possible to determine the structure of the cyst, the number of its chambers, growths on the partitions, the contents of the cavities and other moments.
- Dopplerometry to study blood flow near the neoplasm.
- Test for tumor markers to determine the nature of the tumor.
- MRI and CT scan to see the exact picture of the cyst.
- Puncture of the vaginal fornix to determine the presence of bleeding.
- Laparoscopy.
After examining the results of the diagnosis, the doctor makes the final diagnosis and prescribes therapy.
Treatment of a multi-chamber ovarian cyst
Treatment will depend on test results, especially on tumor markers, cyst size and the presence of complications. If the patient's condition is more or less normal, conservative therapy is prescribed, the effectiveness of which should be visible for two months. In this case, multicamera ovarian cysts are treated without surgery.
The doctor prescribes such medicines:
- Antibiotics.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Antispasmodic drugs.
- Enzymes
- Hormones.
- Vitamin and mineral complexes.
Cyst puncture
If therapy is ineffective, puncture treatment is performed. In this case, some substance is introduced into the cyst cavity, which provokes the adhesion of its walls and the elimination of the neoplasm. If the cyst has many chambers and partitions, this process will be difficult. The doctor should carefully consider the choice of this technique, since in the presence of inflammation in the cyst, it can not be carried out.
Surgical intervention
An operation with a multi-chamber ovarian cyst is prescribed in the following cases:
- Inefficiency of drug therapy.
- The presence of a cyst more than ten centimeters in diameter.
- Acute emergency condition of the patient.
- The presence of internal bleeding.
- Torsion of the neoplasm.
- Ovary dying.
The method of operation is chosen by the surgeon in each case. Most often, an intervention using a laparoscope or endoscope is used, since it does not leave visible scars, is slightly traumatic, and is characterized by a slight loss of blood.
The operation is performed under general anesthesia. In the lower abdomen, the surgeon makes several small incisions, introduces a laparoscope with a camera into them, and she broadcasts the image. Tissues are removed by an electrocoagulator, which also cauterizes injured vessels. It is such an operation that reduces the risk of bleeding to zero. The incisions are then carefully stitched, the scars are almost invisible.
With a small cyst size, doctors maintain healthy ovarian tissue. In some cases, a cyst can affect the entire ovary, then doctors have to completely remove it. The removed organ is sent for histological examination to determine the nature of the tumor.
Pregnancy treatment
Up to sixteen weeks of pregnancy, the doctor monitors the patient, conducts ultrasound, tests for tumor markers. If the cyst does not disappear after sixteen weeks, surgery is performed. The cyst can be removed up to twenty-two weeks of pregnancy, then removal is not possible.
If the cyst was discovered during pregnancy planning, then it is removed, and only then the woman is allowed to plan the conception.
Reviews
According to some reviews, treatment without surgery of a multi-chamber ovarian cyst was carried out using the drug “Dufaston”. Women claim that after the course of therapy the menstrual cycle returned to normal, the cyst came out with the discharge during menstruation. Most likely, the choice of such a drug was caused by a violation of the menstrual cycle, which led to the development of a cyst. Other women in reviews of a multi-chamber ovarian cyst and treatment of the disease indicate the mandatory use of surgical intervention during therapy, since the risk of developing a cancerous tumor is very high.
Forecast and Prevention
The prognosis of a multi-chamber cyst of the right ovary or left will be favorable with its timely detection and treatment. Often the cyst transforms into a cancerous tumor, therefore it is necessary to consult a doctor on time. In the absence of therapy, serious complications can develop that can lead to death.
For the purpose of prevention, it is necessary to timely treat inflammatory and infectious diseases, as well as STDs. Hormonal drugs should be used only as directed by a doctor. Their long reception is not recommended. It is important to lead a healthy lifestyle, exercise, eat right. Timely diagnosis and therapy of cysts will help maintain health and even life.