One of the most dangerous and dusty works is the dismantling of walls. To perform, you will need construction tools, the choice of which depends on the material of the structure. Before carrying out work, the walls must be de-energized (wiring location can be found in the project). In the apartment, all this can be done independently, but with a large scale it is worth trusting professionals.
Types of walls
Walls can perceive different loads. Those that carry only their own weight are called non-bearing (partitions). Structures that absorb additional loads (from walls, floors, roofs) are called load-bearing.
The dismantling of load-bearing walls is usually carried out with the complete destruction of the building. In some cases, individual elements are demolished, but this must be done correctly. With the wrong approach, the integrity of the building is violated. With partitions, things are simpler - they do not support important structures, so they can be removed and moved to different places.
Also, the walls can be divided into types depending on the type of material. They are: stone (brick, concrete, foam concrete), wooden, plasterboard, glass, combined.
Types of dismantling
Walls are often disassembled during the dismantling of entire buildings. At the same time, work can be performed in two ways: phased disassembly of the building or its complete demolition. The first option involves the phased destruction of the wall. Complete demolition of the building is a more time-consuming and time-consuming process. In this case, special construction equipment is used, which quickly destroys the building. It should be remembered that such work is carried out after obtaining all the necessary permits and documents.
The dismantling of the walls can also be done in two ways: complete destruction or careful disassembly. The first option is suitable for stone structures, the second - for drywall. Disassembled items can be moved and collected elsewhere.
Brick walls
Before performing work, you need to remove all furniture, disconnect and remove all engineering networks, clear openings. They also tear off the walls from the walls: skirtings, wallpaper, paint and plaster are removed.
The dismantling of brick walls can be done in a quick way or do everything in stages. A quick option involves the use of a percussion instrument, and leads to complete destruction. Phased disassembly of structures is performed manually - as a result, the material can be reused.
Manual dismantling is carried out if the brick was laid on lime or a small amount of cement. They use a sledgehammer, crowbar or pickaxe. Work is carried out from top to bottom, with the first to break out bricks from the upper row (at the junction of the wall and ceiling). If the bricks are difficult to pull out, you can use steel wedges. They are driven into the solution until cracks appear in it. Bricks laid on a particularly durable mortar can only be removed with special tools.
Quick dismantling of brick walls is carried out if there is no need to save material for future use. The work is carried out by a grinder or air gun. In difficult cases, you need a hammer drill.
In the process of dismantling brick structures, it is important to adhere to some rules:
- If there is an opening in the wall (window or door), then the jumper is first dismantled.
- Steel anchors can be cut with a sledgehammer, grinder and chisel.
- For partial dismantling, a grinder with a diamond nozzle is used (it will allow to make an even cut).
Concrete walls
To begin with, wires, sockets, switches are removed from the design. Also remove from the hinges of the door and remove the box. To protect the floor from damage, they remove the coating from it and lay the boards in its place.
After the preparatory work is completed, you can begin to dismantle the concrete walls. To do this, you will need:
- Mark the cut lines on the structure. As a result, it will be divided into 400x400 mm squares.
- On each line, drill holes every 30-40 mm (work is carried out from top to bottom).
- Cut square: draw a diamond saw with a circular saw between the holes. If the wall is thick, then cuts are made from two sides.
- Carefully knock out the square element so that it does not fall to the floor.
- Repeat the procedure for each cell of the concrete wall until it is completely destroyed.
In the process, it is recommended to use a construction vacuum cleaner, safety glasses and gloves.
Foam concrete walls
In this case, preparatory work is also carried out: all the furniture is cleaned (or covered), a damp cloth is hung in the doorways, the windows are covered with film. The issue of electricity is also being addressed, skirting boards and trim are removed.
The dismantling of the wall from foam blocks is carried out almost in the same way as for brick structures. The only problem is the softness of the material. For work with foam blocks a sledgehammer is ideal. It is not worth it to hit hard on the walls - a light blow is enough, which will disrupt the connection between neighboring blocks. As soon as at least one element starts to stagger, it is carefully removed.
Drywall walls
Only partitions are made of GCR, so for their analysis it will not be necessary to take permission to conduct work. A great advantage of the material is the possibility of using it repeatedly. In this case, it is important to properly dismantle the walls from drywall: remove the finish, unfasten and remove the sheets, disassemble the metal frame.
So, for starters, the finish is removed from the wall (wallpaper, tile, etc.). After that, they find the fasteners, clean them and unscrew all the screws using a drill (screwdriver). GKL is usually attached to a wooden crate with nails, which are removed by a mount. The profile is detached from suspensions, guide profiles mounted on the floor and ceiling. One of the frame elements is freed from fasteners and removed from the structure. After that, you can move on to the next part of the frame.
Wooden walls
It is very simple to dismantle the walls of wood if they do not carry any load. More laborious is the demolition of buildings such as a log house. For starters, the same preparatory work is performed as described above. Then you need to stock up on the necessary tools: a nail clipper, a hacksaw, an ax.
Dismantling begins with the removal of the skirting boards and the trim, and then the wooden frame is dismantled (it starts from the top). Sometimes it happens that the tree is plastered. Then you need to take a hammer and beat off all the plaster. To reduce dust, the surface should be well moistened. The next stage of work is sawing and removing spacers. The voids remaining in other structures can be filled with cement mortar. If a wooden wall carries the load from higher structures, then this must be taken into account. Most likely, you will need to install spacers.
Glass partitions
Glass partitions should be cleaned carefully and only by specialists, since there are some difficulties when working with glass. There are two ways to dismantle walls from this material. If there is no need to save the structure, then it is demolished with a sledgehammer. The second method of dismantling is element-by-element disassembly, which is carried out by specialists using modern tools. First, the seals are removed, the double-glazed windows and the frame itself are removed. This option is more painstaking and costly, unlike the first method, therefore it is performed by professionals.
Dismantling will help redevelop or replace a collapsing structure. It should be remembered that any major changes in the premises must be coordinated with the competent authorities. You can do all the work (for example, to connect the loggia to the room) yourself, but only specialists guarantee their quick and high-quality implementation.