The current system of domestic education is at a difficult stage of its development. Which in general is not surprising, since in a modern globalizing world, any social institution transforms in a certain way, trying to adapt to new conditions of existence.
The demands that society puts forward on education today no longer allow it to ignore the processes taking place both within the state and at the international level. All of the above leads to the need to determine the main criteria for evaluating the activities of people involved in the implementation of one of the most important social tasks - education.
Who evaluates the work of the teacher and why is it needed
The task that will be discussed is quite complex and very responsible. It requires special attention, since the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of education workers are not easy to determine, given the nature of the type of their work.
This issue is devoted today to a considerable number of publications of a scientific and journalistic nature, as well as a number of legal acts.
The latter include documents of various levels:
- laws defining the general direction of development of this sphere;
- decisions of the education committee governing the activities of all levels involved in this process;
- state standards; it specifies the requirements regarding the structure, volume, conditions for the implementation and development of documents of the next level;
- programs that are developed on the basis of previous papers by educational institutions themselves;
- provisions; here, the requirements and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the education workers of a particular educational organization are clearly formulated.
As you can see, the process of determining the quality indicators of the teacher, teacher attracts a whole system of government bodies. Naturally, the educational organizations themselves are also involved in it.
The purpose of this process is to obtain the opportunity to assess the quality of teaching, to influence it and, on the basis of this, to economically motivate workers in this field. Although, it should be noted that today the whole system is still far from perfect.
How is the evaluation system formed
Each self-respecting teacher, as a rule, has his own ideas on how to implement the learning process. It is clear that at a certain stage of activity he forms his own methods, teaching methods, which in general can be represented as pedagogical technologies. The effectiveness of the implementation of the latter largely depends on the formed system, which will reflect the relationship between the features of these technologies and indicators that allow us to assess the degree of their implementation. She must pass an experimental test by the teaching staff, which will identify its shortcomings and allow them to be corrected.
What is included in the system
It should include the main criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of education workers. It is clear that they will be different for each educational institution, but there are a number of the most common ones within which all the others are formed. So this includes:
- the dynamics of individual achievements in the educational process, the degree to which students master a particular subject program;
- the possibility and degree of involvement of students in research and extracurricular activities, including various competitions, competitions, olympiads, etc .;
- the results of the teacher’s methodological work and his participation in writing programs;
- conducting innovative, research work and the availability of its documentary evidence;
- degree of participation in various additional projects of a social, health-improving, educational character, excursion programs, etc .;
- work with complex students, including psychological and various innovative forms of activity;
- the degree of involvement in various educational projects that are implemented by the team;
- the implementation of activities that allow students to interact with parents, their level, frequency and feedback;
- participation in the design of educational infrastructure components: classrooms, special classrooms, workshops, laboratories, museums, etc .;
- presentation of the features of their pedagogical activity and the effectiveness of its organization: the availability of certificates, diplomas, participation in professional competitions, etc.
As can be seen from the above list, the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of educators are not limited to teaching, educational work, but also relate to a variety of areas of its activity.
Difficulty assessing
It is clear that in general, the above criteria only set the upper bar. Unfortunately, they cannot always reflect all aspects and features of teacher work. To obtain an adequate assessment, it is necessary that it, as an integral indicator, correspond to a number of factors, among which are the following: objectivity, universality, timeliness, reliability, accuracy and flexibility.
However, it can definitely be said that the main task of any teacher is to actively work on himself and constantly improve his skills. Special organizations, whose activities are aimed at improving the qualifications of educators, serve this purpose.
Where teachers can study
Given that school teachers, teachers of higher educational institutions and other participants in this process have such an important and difficult task as training and education of the younger generation, the level of their own education should always be at their best. As a rule, every five years, a teacher or teacher should improve his professional level, and the institution of advanced training of educators helps him in this.
Similar organizations also implement the educational process, which has its own characteristics.
The first is, of course, that the specialists here must be of a high level. The best representatives of the education sector, who already have something to share, are psychologists, practitioners, programmers, lawyers, etc.
The second is the duration of the preparation. It is usually short-lived and can be 36, 72 or 108 hours.
Thirdly, after training, the institute of advanced training of educators can continue cooperation with teachers, offering various internship platforms, programs, targeted projects and other types of so-called educational products.
How teachers' qualifications are determined
From the above criteria, which set the framework in the characterization of the teacher’s activities, it is necessary to move on to more specific indicators. Today in Russian schools, such an assessment of the professional activity of a teacher as certification is used. It allows you to establish the level of his qualifications and is done once every five years. There are two forms of certification:
- voluntary, allowing to increase its category and level of remuneration;
- mandatory, determines the conformity of the teacher to the position held by him.
In the first case, the result of successful certification is the assignment of the appropriate category: first or highest. The form of passage here is regulated on the basis of certification rules. However, it may include various creative elements, which are determined by the commission conducting this event.
The second type - mandatory certification, is a confirmation of the teacher's competence. The form of its conduct, as a rule, includes tests for certification of teachers. Based on the results obtained, a decision is made on the teacher's compliance with the position.
Certification of education workers at schools and universities is sometimes confused, talking about the category of teachers, which does not formally exist. This type of qualification is only possible in relation to teachers.
Teacher Rating System
It is used as a supplement to the above. In this case, the assessment of the teacher's activity is formed in the form of a rating. It is compiled on the basis of continuous diagnosis of the results of the teacher. At the end of each reporting period, the rating is calculated based on a number of indicators.
Rating Criteria
They relate to different aspects of the teacher and characterize:
- educational results;
- the presence and form of methodological developments;
- various types and forms of community service;
- observance of labor discipline;
- accuracy in the management of documents;
- classroom management and forms of extracurricular activities;
- adherence to safety in the protection of the health and life of students.
At its discretion, the teaching staff of the school can make its own adjustments to this list, based on the real situation.
The main objective of the rating assessment is to increase the teacher's motivation for further self-development.
Features of the assessment of the work of teachers of higher educational institutions
Here, too, have their own criteria and forms. They allow you to get an idea of the assessment features of such participants in the educational process as university teachers.
Modernization has affected this area. A vivid example of this is the introduction of a rating system of assessment, which includes indicators characterizing the activities of the teacher. In general, they are formed on the same principle as for school teachers, only more emphasis is placed on research work.
Traditional qualification system in universities
It has developed a long time ago and allows us to determine the rank of a scientific and pedagogical employee. This system includes degrees and titles.
As for the first indicator, the candidate and the doctor of sciences are distinguished here. A scientific degree is awarded on the basis of a teacher writing a corresponding scientific work (dissertation) and defending it at a meeting of a special council. It can take place at a university, a research institute, or some other organization. A Doctor of Science degree can only be awarded if there is already a PhD.
The second indicator of teacher qualifications is academic rank. Since 2013, there are two of them: associate professor and professor. Previously, the academic title could be awarded by the department or by specialty. This was done based on the place of work. If it was about a university, then the title of assistant professor or professor in the department was assigned, if it was a question of a research institute, then the assignment went by specialty. Today, this norm is abolished by the Higher Attestation Commission. Now academic ranks are assigned without reference to the department or specialty.
Who is a professional teacher
Today you can meet such a phrase. What are we talking about?
In a formally defined area of teacher qualifications or teacher certification, this category does not occur. As a rule, we can talk either about the professional culture of the teacher, or about any other qualities that characterize him from this point of view.
Most often, such a characteristic is given when it comes to teaching any one subject or skill, for example, English, physics or mathematics. Sometimes you can find offers of your services by a professional dance or music teacher.