Dental protrusion: description of abnormalities, causes and treatment methods

The abnormal arrangement of individual teeth or the entire jaw row looks unaesthetic. One of the common problems that patients go to the dentist with is protrusion. This is a disease characterized by pathological protrusion of teeth forward. However, timely help from an orthodontist allows you to get rid of the problem, to become the owner of a perfect smile.

Protrusion and retrusion of teeth

In orthodontics, it is customary to distinguish several varieties of malocclusion. The most common are protrusion and retrusion. In the first case, the front of the jaw row moves forward at an acute angle, and in the second, backward, as if falling through the mouth. Also, in medical practice, there are cases of tooth movement to the side (laterotrusion and mediotrusion).

Such anomalies lead to distortion of the dental arch. As a result, the risk of contracting gingivitis, periodontitis, and periodontal disease increases. In addition, the likelihood of impaired diction is increased. In childhood, phonemic hearing is formed incorrectly. Therefore, the child cannot correctly distinguish sounds and pronounce them. In the future, this entails problems with studies, the development of complexes.

Main reasons

Dental protrusions are a serious abnormality. There are many factors that can serve as a prerequisite for the appearance of a defect. It is on them that treatment, its complexity and duration subsequently depends. Most often, the anomaly develops for the following reasons:

• lack of sufficient space in the mouth for the growth of radical incisors;
• late change of primary teeth to molars;
• the habit in childhood to bite or suck foreign objects, fingers;
• close relative position of teeth;
• improper position of the tongue in the mouth in a relaxed state;
• the presence of extra dental units.

Often a similar problem is encountered by patients who are accustomed to breathing with their mouth, not their nose.

Post-brace protrusion

Improper positioning of jaw units is not uncommon today. Therefore, many patients resort to the help of various orthodontic designs, for example, install braces on their teeth. The cost of their prolonged wearing can also be protrusion.

After removal of the design, the teeth no longer experience external pressure. As a result, the reverse process often begins. Teeth strive to assume their original position, which until recently they were not allowed braces. Sometimes a similar problem can occur due to incorrectly performed treatment.

To prevent the development of anomalies, it is important to treat the retention period with responsibility. After removing the orthodontic design, the doctor installs retainer caps or thin wire on the teeth. With their help, the incisors are fixed in position. This approach allows you to prevent subsequent tooth curvature, to consolidate the result after using braces.

Signs of anomalies

The disease can occur both with a constant and during a bite. Therefore, attention should be paid to the following symptoms:

1. Excessively protruding forward and twisting the lips outward. This symptom may be almost invisible in people with full lips. However, in the case of thin lips, protrusion of the front teeth entails a violation of the aesthetic appearance of the face.
2. Inability to fully tighten lips. A situation is recognized as pathological when in a relaxed state the gap between the lips is 4 mm or more.

The severity of these symptoms depends on the severity of the problem.

Classification

In dentistry, there are 2 main classifications of tooth protrusions, based on signs of the density of the units of the jaw row and the localization of the defect. In the first case, the crowded position of the teeth or emancipation with the presence of three and diastemas is distinguished. At the place of occurrence, the following violations are distinguished:

• anomaly of the upper jaw, in which only the upper incisors are shifted forward;
• anomaly of the lower jaw when there is an inclination of the teeth of the lower row;
• bimaxillary protrusion, combining the two previous options.

Diagnostic Methods

To clarify the diagnosis, the specialist first makes a cast of the patient's jaw. It allows you to see the individual features of the jaw system. Using special tools, the orthodontist determines the width and length of the rows, the degree of displacement of the incisors.

Also informative is the X-ray examination. With the help of a picture, the doctor can see the roots and assess the degree of development of the teeth. If necessary, pictures of individual sections are taken.

Based on the diagnosis, the doctor makes a conclusion and selects treatment. Dentists recommend correcting the abnormality in a late shift or early permanent bite. The choice of treatment for protrusion of the teeth depends on the severity of the pathology, the availability of free space for moving the incisors. The importance of the results of the examination and external examination.

Troubleshooting without surgery

This technique is most effective in treating children. It implies the use of special orthodontic structures, which are selected individually.

In the early stages of tooth protrusion, you can do with the use of apparatus based on molars. Correction of three and diastema is carried out using braces. Exerting pressure on the problematic units allows you to bring them into the correct anatomical position, align the bite.

In mild cases, doctors also recommend doing therapeutic exercises. It is enough to periodically press the tongue on the problem cutter. If there is enough space over time, he will occupy the desired position. However, such a recommendation is individual. You should not try to fix the problem by yourself using this method without consulting a specialist. In the best case, it will be possible to cope with the pathology, and in the worst, time will be lost.

Surgical correction

The basis for surgical intervention is a pronounced inclination of the dentition from below and above. In rare cases, they resort to his help, and the procedure goes as follows:

• on each side of the jaw, the doctor removes one premolar;
• U-shaped osteotomy is performed;
• a fragment of the jaw along with the teeth "moves" to the desired position;
• the shifted area is fixed for the entire period necessary for the healing of the jaw.

Much more often, with protrusion of teeth, combined apparatus-surgical therapy is used. It involves the removal of 4 premolars on two sides of both jaws. After that, a fixed orthopedic construction is necessarily used. It is necessary to move the fangs to the place where the dental units were previously removed. This approach is considered more conservative. However, it takes more time to fully fix the defect.

Cost of treatment

The cost of eliminating protrusion depends on the chosen treatment option and the severity of the pathology. The price may also vary depending on the region and the prestige of the clinic, the qualifications of the doctor.

Most often, the cost of installing braces on the teeth varies. The price in remote regions for the service is 50-100 thousand rubles. In Moscow, it can cost more than 200 thousand rubles.

Prevention Methods

Protrusion of the anterior teeth in most cases is formed in early childhood. One patients have a hereditary predisposition, while others develop pathology amid bad habits. At first glance, they may seem completely harmless.

For example, parents from the first days are encouraged to stop the child’s addiction every time they suck their fingers or pull foreign objects into their mouths. At school age, you should pay attention to whether the teenager is chewing on pens and pencils. Even at this stage, the bite is not yet sufficiently formed, so it can be ruined.

It is necessary to make a rule to visit the dentist twice a year. This recommendation applies to both children and adults. Such preventive visits allow you to timely detect the problem and immediately begin to address it. In the future, you do not have to endure painful operations, remove teeth.