In the world, states did not always exist. Initially, people created only small social formations, solely for the sake of organizing common activities. Before the states in the world there were tribal communities. They were small cells in which people were united by common interests or by kinship. However, small social structures very soon showed their inefficiency in regulating large communities. Therefore, people began to think about creating more extensive social systems that states have become.
But the key feature of any country is not its size, but its internal governance structure. In most cases, it is called power. This category has changed in importance over the centuries. However, over time, it acquired a certain form. Today, the key representatives of state power in any country are official bodies. They have their own structure, powers, employees who directly perform their functions, as well as other features. But if we take into account specifically the Russian Federation, then in our state official departments are integrated into a complex system, which makes it possible to classify them.
Principle of separation of powers
Before considering domestic government bodies, the classification of which will be presented below, it is necessary to highlight the main features of the principle of separation of management spheres. After all, it is a key factor in building departments in any country today. It was first bred during the New Age period. Its authors were John Locke and Charles Louis de Montesquieu.
According to this theory, power in any state should be divided between three branches, namely: legislative, executive and judicial. That is, this principle was developed in contrast to the sole management of the state. At its core, it is very literate, which led to its popularity. Today, the principle of separation of powers is actively functioning in almost all states. Moreover, it is a key “scheme”, according to which the construction of official bodies is carried out.
What are state authorities?
The official department is an institution established by law, which operates in order to implement certain tasks and functions. As a rule, such structures have only their characteristic powers that distinguish them from civic organizations. The previously mentioned principle of separation of powers led to the classification of all, without exception, state bodies into legislative, executive and judicial. However, such a distinction is not the only one in the Russian Federation.
Features of the authorities
There are a large number of points that characterize Russian government bodies. Classification and characteristics are interrelated categories that must be considered when studying official departments. To date, scientists identify the following key features of state authorities, namely:
- organizations of this type are formed in the manner directly established by the legislator;
- each state body has its own competence;
- funding for official departments comes from the budget of the Russian Federation;
- the activities of state bodies are aimed primarily at the performance of state functions;
- official bodies employ employees whose legal status is characterized by special specifics.
These signs most fully characterize state bodies, the classification of which is presented in the article. It should be noted that there are different principles for the organization of official departments, which may vary depending on the characteristics of a particular state.
Government bodies: classification
As mentioned earlier, all official departments can be divided into legislative, executive and judicial. This kind of classification is the most general and, in fact, the most competent. However, scientists distinguish other forms of differentiation. For example, quite often government bodies, the classification of which is presented in the article, are divided into federal and regional. This can be found in countries where the federal system of territorial structure reigns. If we take into account the Russian Federation, then the most general is the Head of State, Government, Parliament and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
There is also another principle according to which all state bodies are divided among themselves. Classification by source of formation implies the moment of creation of the department. According to the current state of affairs, any department can be elected by the people or appointed by a higher structure.
Legislative bodies
Of course, all government bodies, the classification and characteristics of which are presented in the article, must be considered based on the provisions of the principle of separation of management. According to him, in every state there are legislative departments. They are endowed with the exclusive right to create legislative acts and other regulatory documents. These include parliament. In each state, it is endowed with its own characteristics. In Russia, the parliament is bicameral, which is again due to the federal system of the country.
Executive departments
State bodies, classification, the principles of construction of which are fixed in official normative acts, have many types. One of them are executive structures. These departments are engaged in the actual implementation of legislative norms and the constitution. In the Russian Federation, the central executive body is the Government. It has an internal structure and regulation.
Judicial system
The foundation of any democratic power is the judiciary. The classification of such structures is carried out depending on their system, which operates in a particular country. As a rule, courts are “scattered” throughout the entire state, and their work is coordinated by a single, supreme body. In their work, the judiciary is completely independent and autonomous.
Output
So, we examined the government bodies. The classification, principles of organization and activities of such departments were also presented in the article. In conclusion, it should be noted that the problems of official structures are relevant today. Indeed, the well-being of many countries depends on the quality of work of state bodies.