Overhaul of residential buildings in Moscow. Overhaul program

A house is considered to be multi-unit if it consists of two or more apartments that have independent access to the land adjacent to the house or to the common room in it. Such a house contains elements of common property with other homeowners, as established by the Town Planning Code. According to methodological recommendations, in an apartment building, unlike an individual, real estate includes two parts:

1. Premises that are intended for use in residential and non-residential purposes, while they may be the property of citizens registered in the Russian Federation.
2. Common property that is divided into ownership shares between owners.

What is the essence of the work?

The overhaul program is a whole set of documentation on the basis of which all technical measures should be carried out. The existing system of repairs suggests that repair and structural transformations should be carried out at clearly defined time intervals, which are clearly regulated and strictly carried out. All other terms and volumes of work are agreed upon by legal act.

Overhaul of residential buildings in Moscow, like any other city in our country, involves the replacement or restoration of individual parts, structures, utilities and equipment due to the fact that they are physically worn out or destroyed. In addition, as part of the same work, the consequences of obsolescence of certain structures are eliminated, internal improvement is carried out, that is, the modernization of the building.

Types of capital repairs

The overhaul of buildings and structures can be complex and selective - it depends on what is the technical condition of the buildings that need to be repaired, on the features of their planning decisions, as well as the degree of internal improvement. In complex work, structural elements and engineering equipment are replaced with more modernized elements. Moreover, repairs can be carried out on the entire building as a whole or in its individual sections. For complex repairs, it is assumed that the work is established by the law on the overhaul of FZ-185, Art. 15. Materials should be used that will ensure the normative life of the structures and systems under repair. After the work done, the apartment building must meet all the operating requirements that are presented to it.

In case of selective repair, full or partial replacement of individual structural elements of the house, equipment is made in order to fully compensate for their physical and functional wear. To carry out selective repairs, it is important to take into account the technical condition of individual structures and building elements.

Who is the answer?

The decision to carry out repairs is most often made at a general meeting of homeowners. At the same time, there are a number of rules that must be taken into account:

1. Only common property in an apartment building is subject to repair work.
2. Of the structure of common property, only those structural elements and communication systems that are described in part 3 of Article 15 of Federal Law No. 185 are repaired.
3. Overhaul of houses should be performed to the extent established by federal law.

All these conditions are created in order to solve several problems at once. First, it is important to increase the energy efficiency of multi-apartment buildings. Secondly, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the existence of citizens. Thirdly, the use of modern materials and new technologies ensures the modernization of each building. At the same time, modernization refers to the measures necessary to update outdated planning solutions, engineering equipment, so that the building ultimately meets existing requirements.

What is included in the common property?

In order to fully understand what the overhaul of an object is, it is important to figure out which property is considered common. According to the rules, the composition of the property is determined by the homeowners themselves, who also fulfill the responsibilities of maintaining their premises. State authorities take control over the maintenance of common property, and local governments prepare and conduct open competitions at the choice of the management company. At the same time, those parts of the house that perform an auxiliary function are considered common property. The common areas in the house are:

• landings;
• elevators;
• stairs and shafts;
• corridors;
• various cellars (technical, wheelchair).

That is, everything that is not part of the apartment and is not intended for individual use, according to the rules, is considered common. Thus, the program for the overhaul of apartment buildings must be compiled taking into account these parameters.

What is included in the overhaul?

So, we decided that in each apartment building there is a common and individual property. According to this, a repair plan is also being drawn up. So, the overhaul of residential buildings in Moscow suggests that the following services should be performed as part of capital measures:

1. The intra-house engineering systems (i.e. heat, gas, water and electricity) were repaired.
2. Elevator equipment must be repaired or replaced if it is deemed unserviceable.
3. The roof, as well as the basements, which are considered common property, are being repaired.
4. Repair work is carried out on the facade and foundation.

According to normative legal acts, the capital repair fund is engaged in financing of all these works, which is formed on the basis of contributions, the minimum amount of which is also established by law. In addition, the funds of this fund can additionally be directed to warming the facade, installing a ventilated roof and arranging exits to it, installing metering devices common to the whole house, and installing various heating units. If the owners decide to increase contributions above the minimum amount, then these funds can also be used to repair common property in the house. In addition, some funding can come from state support provided by a specific subject of the Russian Federation. It is on the basis of such assistance that, as a rule, regional repairs are carried out in many cities of our country.

Regulatory acts: what to remember?

According to the legislation, overhaul must be carried out in a timely manner - this is clearly regulated by regulatory legal acts. So, the law on capital repairs establishes the minimum contribution for the repair of common property in the house. Again, according to the legislation, a system for conducting work to verify the technical condition of apartment buildings is determined. In accordance with legal acts, a regional operator is selected, the composition of its property is determined, constituent documents are created that will establish its activities.

The normative acts also spell out in what order and on what conditions the state provides its services in order for major repairs of residential buildings in Moscow to be carried out. It is the state, if necessary, that it must issue loans, loans, and other means to ensure that a major overhaul program is implemented. At the state level, the process of creating regional programs is also controlled.

Features of regional policy

In the regions, the overhaul program has its own characteristics:

1. The timing of the overhaul of an apartment building is determined, which may differ from the generally accepted ones.
2. The program is approved by the executive authority of each constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
3. It also provides for the possible provision of financial support at the state level.

The regional program consists of several components. Firstly, this includes all apartment buildings that must be repaired according to the decree. Emergency and demolition buildings are excluded from this list. Secondly, houses are excluded from the program whose structural elements (that is, roof, walls or foundation) have a degree of physical wear and tear of more than 70%. Thirdly, regional capital repairs do not cover houses, the repair of which will cost more than the construction of one square meter of housing. After the regional program for the overhaul of multi-apartment buildings has been created, within six months, the terms and procedure for the work, the sources of their financing should be determined. Russian regulations also indicate that houses consisting of three or less apartments may not be included in the regional program. The peculiarity of the program is that after its adoption and approval, any changes to it are impossible.

Overhaul of residential buildings in Moscow and any other subject of the Russian Federation is carried out in the order specified in the regional program. At the same time, repairs are first carried out in those houses that will be privatized in the first place. According to the law, any regional program must be updated every year.

What are the contributions made of?

Owners must pay monthly contributions, on the basis of which repair and technical work will subsequently be carried out. The minimum size is set by the Town Planning Code, but the amount may be more if the homeowners want it. If the housing is in disrepair or will be demolished, then the owners should not pay any funds. According to the code, tenants are required to pay overhaul fees for eight months. The Moscow region, for example, reduced this period to three calendar months. It is at the expense of interest from these contributions that a capital repair fund is formed. Homeowners can choose for themselves how they will form this fund:

1. Transfer overhaul contributions to a special account.
2. Transfer funds to the account of the selected operator.

In the first case, the owners need to determine the size of the monthly installment (it cannot be lower than the minimum established by the regulatory legal act), the list of works for overhaul, set the terms for the overhaul of the apartment building, appoint the account holder and choose a credit institution that will open it. In the second case, the owners will simply choose a regional operator, it will be he who will deal with all of the above issues. Homeowners are given time for a period of six months, during which they must determine the method of forming the fund. Moreover, the way the fund is formed at any time can be changed - again, by the general decision of the owners of the premises. In general, all decisions related to changing the management company or determining the size of contributions are made at the general meeting.

Where can I spend money from the fund?

According to the law, the overhaul of apartment buildings is carried out at the expense of the fund. That is, any construction work and the development of project documentation can be paid from these funds. In addition, money from the fund can be used for other purposes, for example, if it is required to pay for construction supervision services, to repay loans that were taken for repairs, to pay the costs of obtaining guarantees and sureties, if you need to take a loan for overhaul. If suddenly the building is recognized as emergency or is subject to demolition, then all funds contributed to the fund are divided between the owners of the premises in the house.

What is in Moscow?

As already mentioned, a regional program is adopted in each subject of the Russian Federation, on the basis of which repair and technical measures are carried out. In Moscow, such a program is planned for 2014-2016. Over the years, it is planned to carry out a number of works:

1. Repair of common property and a number of structural elements. In 2013, as part of these works, 390 apartment buildings were repaired.
2. Repair facades of buildings located in the central part of Moscow.
3. Perform a series of work on the replacement of elevator equipment in apartment buildings

In the capital over the past few years, a model has been developed on the basis of which the state will co-finance the repair work carried out by the owners. That is, the city allocates subsidies to homeowners, and they pay the missing amount from their funds. At the same time, approximately 95% of the funds are allocated from the city budget for these purposes, while approximately 5% of the premises were renovated at the expense of the residents themselves.

Overhaul Program of the Moscow Region

In the Moscow region, a more extensive program has been developed, covering the years 2014-2038. During this time, the authorities plan to solve many problems in stages. At the same time, the program takes into account the use of modern and energy-efficient materials and technologies. The program is aimed at creating safe and favorable living conditions for residents. Repair and technical measures in the Moscow region will be carried out in stages.

* numbers will be specified as the program progresses

All houses renovated during the program will receive an energy efficiency class. The class will be assigned under the supervision of the State Housing Inspectorate of the Moscow Region. In this case, not damaged or demolished houses will be subject to major repairs, but the list is approved in the program of each specific subject of the Russian Federation.

Thus, the organization of major repairs is a set of works aimed at making housing more convenient and favorable, while the operational characteristics of each building become better.