A large number of scientific studies and works in the field of psychology are devoted to the problem of the development and socialization of man. In general, scientists agree that the following factors of personality formation exist:
- human genotype;
- social environment ;
- activity in activity and communication;
- life experience;
- natural factors;
- unique individual experience.
Let us dwell in more detail on their characteristics.
Genetic factors of personality formation. They are the main ones at the initial stages of the development of the child, since they were received at birth. The fact is that hereditary features are the basis for the formation of a person. We are talking about such genetic qualities of the individual as abilities, physical qualities, type and characteristics of the nervous system. Naturally, they leave an imprint on the character of a person and the way he functions in the world around him. Genetic heredity will largely explain individuality, difference from others, since there are no identical subjects from the position of heredity.
Cultural factors of personality formation. Any civilized society has a specific set of social rules, norms and values. They should be common to all members of a given culture. Therefore, a model personality is gradually being formed, embodying such special principles and values that society should instill into each of its members. Therefore, in any society, with the help of culture, a person will be formed who easily makes contacts and cooperation. If such standards are absent, then this will put the subject in a situation of cultural uncertainty.
Natural factors of personality formation affect human development. It is obvious that climatic conditions constantly influence behavior, participating in its formation. A lot becomes important in this process. So, people who grew up in different climates will be different from each other. It is enough to compare the inhabitants of the mountains, steppes and tropical jungle. The surrounding nature is constantly influencing, due to which the personality structure is changing.
The largest group consists of social factors of personality formation. The fact is that only they contribute to the fact that a person becomes a person. The social environment affects the process of socialization, due to which the individual learns the norms of the group and the formation of his "I". As a result, the uniqueness of each person is created. But the formation of personality in the process of socialization takes several different forms: through imitation, the development of ideals and so on. It can be both primary, flowing in the family, and secondary, implemented in social institutions (pre-school educational institutions, schools, colleges, universities and labor organizations). If there is an unsuccessful socialization of an individual to the existing cultural laws and norms, the latter may develop social deviations that provoke the emergence of internal and external conflicts.
Individual factors of personality formation imply the presence of human experience. The essence of their impact is as follows: everyone can fall into a variety of situations during which he will experience external influence. The sequence of such moments is unique to anyone. But as a result of passing through these situations, each person will then anticipate any events based on negative or positive experience. Therefore, if we consider the main factors in the formation of personality, then it will become the foundation of a unique individual experience.