A song has long accompanied a person. His life was reflected and meaningful in it. By the way, this can be judged by all sorts of popular proverbs: “Whose mind you live, you sing a song”, “Conversation spans the road, and the song is work” and, of course, the well-known “You won’t throw words out of a song”.
Introduction
Types of folk songs diverse. They can be viewed from various angles: from the point of view of the reflection of mythological ideas or, on the contrary, the real real picture, from the point of view of ritual lyrics and, of course, depending on the place, the situation in which they are performed. Russian folk songs, their types are very diverse, and this once again emphasizes the uniqueness of the musical culture of Russia.
The origin of the song
The word itself comes from “singing,” or “singing.” Max Fasmer in his etymological dictionary notes that the root of this verb is Slavic. According to the majority of experts, as well as experienced researchers, the forms of “sing” (sing) and “sing” (drink) coincide completely coincidentally. There is an opinion that this phenomenon is associated with a pagan sacrificial rite: to drink - to sing. Of course, the song comes from rituals. Moreover, in literary sources it is often indicated that it has a certain mythological connotation.
Any individual people, it can be said, has evolved along with music. Thanks to music, song in particular, we can trace the development of the people, significant events of any era. Thanks to this, it is possible to really pay attention to precisely those motives in folk art, which convey the entire depth of experiences (in lyric songs, for example), joy, and so on. It is worth noting that in a folk song, it is text that is most important, not music. It is this characteristic that distinguishes Russian musical culture.
Types of folk songs
Quite often, types of folk songs include musical works with a meaning aimed at conspiracy, love spell. The semantic content of such songs is very diverse. One of the most popular was the use of water walks. According to some ancient sources, a trip to the water signified, first of all, the desire to find a bridegroom in the near future. In such cases, the image of fish, mostly pike, which the girl needed to catch, was often used instead of him in the songs. These types of folk songs end with something like a conspiracy quatrain.
Often the images in folk songs contain absolutely incredible objects from the beliefs of the ancient Slavs. It is interesting enough that many concepts in folk texts are related, that is, they come from one word, and are expressed in images of fire, both internal and external. For example, the word "quench" is usually used as a phrase with the words "hunger", "sadness" and so on. But it takes its origin from the word “smolder,” which is directly related to fire, of course. In turn, fire symbolizes the very connection with Slavic mythology, because it was in it that the role of the deity, and especially of the light, rose to the limit. Examples include many other words. Especially interesting may be the interpretation of the word "eat". It is associated with the word used in relation to fire - “burn”, and also probably comes from “burns”.
A bit about symbols
Of course, there are words and phrases that are already clearly associated with certain images. All kinds of Russian folk songs, examples of them, show us that the grass, say, is a symbol of a girl, a lit candle is certainly sadness, longing, and pouring rain, of course, is associated with tears, crying. In the lyrics of calendar songs, green is very often used, and this, of course, is a symbol of beauty, youth, spring. Researchers believe that in order to truly understand the meaning of the text of a folk song, it is necessary to unravel it by symbols. It is also obvious that over time, the mythological influence on a folk song gradually weakens, it becomes more traditional, conveys a certain song image. Different types of folk songs. Their examples are extremely interesting.
Songs of the Russian people
Various types of folk songs appear in Russia based on the folklore of Slavic tribes. There is an opinion that for a long time several nationalities could live in one territory, and this, in turn, greatly influenced the musical culture. The first appeared historical songs, which reflected, respectively, real historical events. Songs that spoke about specific events were called "epic." In the same period, lyrical folk songs appeared, they often conveyed the emotional state of the character. At that time, people used unusual musical instruments as accompaniment. These include a horn, a gusli, a miserable, and, of course, the shepherd's instrument known to us - the horn. In our time, you can hardly find the originals, because during the Middle Ages, songwriters were severely punished, and their instruments were destroyed. However, there is a lot of information in the literature about these musical instruments.
Types of Russian folk songs. Wedding songs
This is one of the most interesting genres, revealing the types of folk songs. It is worth noting that their character was mostly heterogeneous. It can be both songs directly about the wedding rite, and about the difficult female share. Wrestling songs also took place. Here it will be appropriate to mention other types of folk songs, their examples are varied ("Masha cried about the light brown braid"). There are also songs of a mixed nature, for the most part they are based on the opposition of two main lines. On the one hand, the bride is sad because she will need to leave her father’s house. Here the ceremonies of a bachelorette party, weaving of a braid, and so on can be transmitted. On the other hand - joy, optimism, the beginning of a new life. The ending in such songs is most often joyful.
Symbolism
As for symbolism, in wedding songs the image of a girl is usually expressed by a birch tree, her comparison with a swan is often found; the image of a guy is a nightingale or a horse, for example. An interesting fact is that in the songs, the married girl from the "snow-white swan" turned into a "gray goose", while this meant the loss of girlish beauty and purity. The girl was characterized by very eloquent epithets, she was almost always described by a white-faced, ruddy, with black eyebrows and clear eyes. Wedding songs are characterized by a melodic chant, a clear rhythmic pattern, the obligatory presence of a chorus.
Majestic and Coriline
The origin of great songs is usually associated with mythology. This is not surprising, because such songs usually came from people's appeals to nature, natural phenomena. As for the little-known genre - core songs - they are mainly aimed at deceiving evil spirits. Basically, life is idealized in great songs, while in corral songs, on the contrary, it is characterized exclusively by real life. It is worth noting that in the subtext of the wedding ceremony, the core song becomes more comic, a kind of mockery song. The types of folk songs are diverse: comic, lyrical. Grade 3 at school studies mostly comic songs, but the core ones are not included here, they are not so common in our time.
The most popular songs of our time
Despite the fact that there is not too much information about folk songs, we can conclude: the types of Russian folk songs are very diverse. One of the types popular in our time is, of course, a lyrical lingering song. It can be attributed to one of the most important significant branches of Russian musical culture. Most often, the theme of such songs is based on the idea of love: these are mainly bright, joyful tones. The girl and the guy are almost always idealized: he is smart, handsome, brave, she is independent, reasonable, incredibly beautiful. There are also lyrical songs about family life. In principle, these types of folk songs class 3 usually learns in music lessons at school.
In general, we can say that at the moment, Russian musical culture, of course, has modernized. Russian folk songs, their kinds, were a little forgotten. In the folk song, the text and the semantic content came to the fore, now the dance component captures the primacy. This does not mean at all that musical culture will decline over time, rather, it can be interpreted as the correspondence of music, song, the modern rhythm of life.