Coal products are used in three main areas: electricity generation, metallurgical production, and domestic consumption. The listed uses require coal grades with special characteristics during thermal exposure.
Homeowners are concerned about the cost of a ton of briquettes and the quality “so as not to burn." Utilities care about what raw materials to buy for the winter, so that the heating does not fly into a pretty penny.
Power engineers require concentrates with high calorific value to produce electric energy.
Metallurgists, melting steel and cast iron, choose a product for the formation of coke with a high structural density so that microcracks do not form.
Ecologists seek in the classification to find the necessary coal parameters for calculating the amount of negative impact on atmospheric air during the production use of combustible material.
Alphabetical order
To order from the manufacturer and use carbon materials rationally, you should understand the parameters of the brands.
The registry has nine items. Each is encoded by the letters of the Russian alphabet. Decryption of the coal brand begins with the specific amount of carbon:
- anthracite - A;
- brown coal - B;
- gas - G;
- long flame - D;
- bold - F;
- coke - K;
- lean sintering - OS;
- slightly caking - SS;
- skinny - T.
Consumer properties of raw materials
Coal grades are characterized by the percentage composition of the active substance - carbon. The highest content in anthracite is 90%, and the smallest amount is in brown coals, 76%.
Heating without blowing oxygen causes the coal to decompose into gas and liquid fractions. This parameter is volatile matter. Oi are the second attribute of the brand of coal. The highest yield in brown varieties is 41%. The lowest formation of volatile components in anthracite is 8%. The percentage of volatiles is called carbonation.
The third characteristic is specific calorific value. It is measured in kcal / kg. The minimum indicator of lower calorific value for brown coal is 3900 kcal / kg. The maximum value is in anthracite. Here, 7500 kilocalories are released during the combustion of 1 kg of material.
The second product of thermal decomposition of coal is coke, or korolek.
When buying raw materials, users look at the ratio of price-quality parameters.
In ferrous metallurgy, products G and D are used. In the electric power industry, goods with the names of OS, SS and T are used. Briquettes A, G and D are loaded into the furnaces of boiler rooms.
Underground assortment assortment
When forming a coal brand card, in addition to species, varietal classification is used. Therefore, the name consists of two characters: brand plus size of the granules. The man who gave the name to the varieties was clearly a poet and a romantic:
- P - layer;
- K is the fist;
- O - nut;
- M - small;
- C is a seed;
- Sh - bayonet;
- P - ordinary.
P and P are characterized by a size of 20 - 30 centimeters. These are the largest. Shtyb - a trifle the size of up to one and a half centimeters.
Example of deciphering a coal grade: in the commercial coal product card, a group of letters AP means formation anthracite with a fraction size of 0.2 - 0.3 m.
Class B raw materials
The greater the maturity of the breed, the better the coal. To determine maturity, the concept of reflection of vitrinite OM was introduced - the reflectivity of plant organic matter in coal. The indicator is determined as follows - a monochrome beam is sent to the polished rock sample. After that, the intensity of the reflected beam is measured.
Coal grades differ in the maturity of the rock. In brown coals, the vitrinite reflection index is less than 0.6%, the formation of volatile components is more than 41%. For comparison: OM of anthracite is equal to 2.59%. The calorific value of grade B is in the range from 3900 to 4500 kcal / kg depending on humidity:
- 1B - 40% or more;
- 2B - from 30 to 40%;
- 3B - less than 30%.
Coal grade B at the break is often wooden, smokes during burning. Its only advantage is its low price.
In Russia, brown coal in large volumes is mined in the Solton, Tunguska and Kansk-Achinsk basins. Smaller production in the Primorsky Territory, in the Chelyabinsk Region on the Eastern slope of the Ural Mountains.
Brown coal is used not only as a fuel, but also as a raw material for the production of liquid fuel and gas, fertilizers and synthetic materials.