Women's consultation is a medical institution where women are admitted, examined, and also treated for certain diseases. What is the structure of the antenatal clinic? What do specialists do in it? What tasks does this type of institution have and what functions does it perform? Consider all this in more detail below.
General concept
Before you understand what the structure of women's consultation, tasks and principles of work, you need to decide what is meant by this concept.
So, women's consultation is considered a medical institution of the preventive type, presented in the form of a dispensary. Such institutions are created in order to provide the female half of the population with obstetric and gynecological care on an outpatient basis. In the process of carrying out all actions and medical activities, specialists can use medical technology. In addition, institutions of this type carry out activities aimed at protecting the reproductive health of women, as well as local specialists provide family planning services.
As for the principle of operation of the considered category of medical institutions, it is a precinct. The observations of extras and specialists in the field of gynecology show that the area of women's consultation in terms of numbers corresponds to two therapeutic ones. Having made simple calculations, it is easy to establish that on average per gynecologist who works in the institution in question, there are about 2.5 thousand women who live in a densely populated area of Russia.
Tasks
As for the main tasks and functions of the antenatal clinic, the main one is to ensure the health of the woman, as well as the mother and child. It is produced mainly by the method of providing professional medical care to gynecologists and obstetricians, and it does not matter at all whether the woman is pregnant or not. In addition, the tasks of this type of medical institution include reproductive health care.
What are the primary and most important tasks of the antenatal clinic? When considering this issue, you should pay attention to the fact that it is in such institutions that they carry out all kinds of preventive measures that are aimed at preventing problems that may arise during pregnancy or its planning. In addition, special attention is paid to the prevention of diseases in the postpartum period, as well as health problems in the field of gynecology, which may be unrelated to pregnancy.
Among the main tasks of doctors of female consultation is also the provision of professional medical care in the field of gynecology and obstetrics. In parallel, specialists are required to consult on all issues that may arise in women of any age. Their tasks also include conducting consultative discussions on issues related to abortion, as well as regarding sexually transmitted diseases and other sexually transmitted diseases.
One of the main goals and tasks of midwives of a antenatal clinic is to conduct educational work among representatives of the Russian population regarding contraception. In addition, they should actively work on the introduction of modern methods of treating diseases and eliminating problems.
If necessary, consultation can be provided with assistance of a social and legal nature.
Women's consultation structure
Like any other medical institution, women's consultation should have a certain structure. There is only an approximate list of units of which it can consist. Specialists in the field of medicine note that each of the following units is important, as they provide specialized assistance on certain issues.
So, in the structure of the antenatal clinic of any settlement, a registry must be present, in which direct registration of specialists' visitors is kept, a general list of patients, as well as all data recorded in personal cards are stored.
In addition to the registry, the consultation must have a general department, an obstetrics and gynecology department, as well as an adolescent and pediatric gynecologist's office.
When determining the structure of antenatal clinics, it is imperative to pay attention to the office, in which there are specialists who deal with issues related to family planning, as well as the prevention of unwanted pregnancies. Without fail, the consultation should also include a room for preparation for childbirth, in which psychoprophylactic procedures are performed with expectant mothers.
Special attention in the structure of the medical institution under consideration should be given to rooms in which certain manipulations are carried out or additional examinations are carried out. These may include departments for endoscopy, x-ray, functional diagnostics, as well as those in which some other specialists are admitted: dentist, gynecologist, venereologist and general practitioner. There must be at least two laboratories in the institution of this type: clinical diagnostic and cytological.
In connection with the specialization of consultations for women, their structure necessarily provides for the presence of manipulation rooms, as well as rooms of a young mother.
In addition to all of the above, in the antenatal clinic, as in any other medical institution, rooms should be provided for the implementation of economic and administrative needs.
Practice shows that in large medical institutions there are also additional structural units. In particular, hospitals equipped to treat patients and to examine those who suffer from gynecological diseases can serve as striking examples of such. Another option for such a structural element is a department for gynecological manipulations and small operations.
Work organization
The normal implementation of medical work, first of all, is ensured by the correct creation of the organizational structure of women's consultation. Among its units must be present those that can perform all the necessary functions necessary to maintain the normal level of health of the female half of the population in a certain region, to provide an appropriate level of theoretical education in the field of family planning, prevention of unwanted pregnancy, as well as sexually transmitted diseases and methods for them transmission.
As for the organization of this type of institution in large cities, in practice, one consultation, which is recognized as the best in various settings by various indicators, is assigned as the main one. In fact, the structure and functions of the antenatal clinic remain the same, but new ones are added to them - those that are characteristic of the obstetric and gynecological center that provides counseling services to the population. In such medical complexes, the provision of services in the field of traditional treatment of diseases in the field of gynecology that occurred at an early age, problems with the endocrine system, as well as infertility, is actively carried out.
Affiliation is the main principle of the antenatal clinic. It affects the quality indicator directly. This is due to the peculiarity of the organizational structure of institutions of this nature. First of all, good indicators are connected with the fact that at the centers organized on this principle, specialists work at the same time who are also directly involved in monitoring women's health: a dentist, endocrinologist, therapist, etc. So, they closely interact with each other, which allows specialists to comprehensively consider the resulting health problem of a particular woman. Often, it is this factor that allows you to timely register a patient, to ensure the normal state of which it is really necessary. Specialists also share positive statistical indicators regarding the timeliness of establishing a special treatment regimen, registration as pregnant, etc. Moreover, in such a situation, according to experts, a comprehensive follow-up of the patient is possible.
Birth block
In the structure of antenatal clinics and work with expectant mothers, the birth block occupies a special place. This place consists of several parts: wards (prenatal, intensive care, birth), children's room, sanitary facilities, operating rooms. In addition, there is also a ward for newborns. All children's wards should be equipped in accordance with medical requirements: they support the temperature and humidity recommended by the standards, as well as sanitary conditions. Every day, pediatricians should conduct an examination of these wards and note the condition of the newborn. As a result of all this, the doctor is obliged to inform the mother about the available information regarding the health status of the baby.
Work with pregnant
The organization of the structure of women's consultation and the work of this medical institution also provides for certain medical actions for women who are preparing to become mothers. In relation to them, the specialists of the centers carry out special work aimed at maintaining the state of health of the woman and its comprehensive improvement.
In order to ensure all the main goals and objectives of the antenatal clinic, the structure of the institution provides for a team of specialists who carry out not only manipulative, but also psychological work with expectant mothers. They are engaged in the observation of a woman, as well as her fetus. To do this, she must register with the consultation and submit a specific list of analyzes. Before this, the specialist must examine the patient, measure her pelvis, abdominal circumference, height and weight. If necessary, additional obstetric studies can be performed, as a result of which the state of individual organs is studied.
After the first examination is carried out, the woman needs to visit the consultation again after 10 days. From this moment, the expectant mother should periodically appear in the consultation for observation. In the first 20 weeks, this must be done once a month, and after that - twice. In the period that follows after 30 weeks of fetal maturation, a woman needs to visit an obstetrician-gynecologist assigned to her once a week. In some cases, the frequency of a visit to a specialist can be changed, first of all, this concerns the option when a woman suffers from some kind of gynecological disease.
In addition to all of the above, in the process of fetal maturation, a woman should be examined by other specialists. In particular, he is an otorhinolaryngologist, therapist and dentist. After these doctors make their conclusion about the patient’s health status, on the basis of the general available data, the obstetrician draws conclusions regarding the patient’s belonging to any risk group.
At the 15-16th week, a woman can start attending a school for pregnant women, which are also organized at antenatal clinics. The organizational structure of this type of institution also provides for a psychologist. The staff of specialists working in this organizational structure is entrusted primarily with the moral preparation of the expectant mother for childbirth.
Service gynecological patients
Considering the structure and organization of antenatal clinics, one should pay attention to the main types of activities carried out by specialists of medical institutions of this type. One of the main directions of their work is to serve patients who have gynecological diseases. What is it?
It should be noted that this type of activity is carried out in strict accordance with the basic principle of the work of women's clinics - precinct. This means that women who need hospitalization and specialized medical care can only be sent to the institution to which they belong at their place of residence.
As for the service itself, it is carried out at certain stages. First of all, a person who wishes to be examined is sent to the registry of a medical institution. Here, a registration card with personal data, complaints made by the patient about his state of health should be instituted on him.
In the process of admission, the doctor is engaged in a thorough examination of the patient, draws his conclusions and writes the conclusion on the card. As for the examination, it can be either complex, general or gynecological (using bimanual instruments, mirrors, etc.). In the event that during the examination there are any doubts or suspicions about the development of the disease, the specialist should refer the patient to an additional examination, take tests from her and send them to the laboratory.
As for the additional examination, it is a cytological examination of smears, biopsies, as well as colposcopy.
At the appointment with the gynecologist, which is performed in the antenatal clinic, the amount of medical care that is necessary to treat the disease or prevent its occurrence should be determined. In particular, surgical manipulations, physiotherapy, injections or the use of certain drugs, the use of tampons, etc. can be prescribed for this.
In some cases, patients may be placed in a gynecological hospital. This is done only in cases where the patient needs special treatment, which consists in using special equipment, performing special manipulations, etc.
One of the principles of the antenatal clinic is qualitative indicators, which should be at their best. It should be noted that they can be achieved only with the correct appointment of treatment, its urgency, as well as timeliness. In some cases, the patient requires urgent hospitalization, which can also be done within the consultation. Hospitalization can also be done as planned.
gynecological care
The principles of the antenatal clinic provide that all women should receive appropriate qualified assistance from a specialist. That is why the main tasks of this type of medical institution include timely detection of diseases in the female half of the Russian population. To do this, in accordance with medical recommendations, you must visit a gynecologist at least once a year. In the process of admission, the specialist conducts a routine examination and, if necessary, directs the patient to another specialist. Such preventive examinations can be done at home, on call.
In the event that serious diseases or infections are detected during the examination, the specialist must prescribe a course of treatment for the patient, as well as hospitalization if necessary for the purpose of follow-up observation and therapy using modern techniques and equipment.
Abortion Prevention
One of the main tasks of the antenatal clinic in any locality in Russia is the prevention of abortion. The importance of this activity lies in the fact that the correct termination of pregnancy by artificial means is the key to the further normal functioning of the woman’s body.
As for the features of this type of activity, it is carried out exclusively with the consent of the expectant mother and only for the period of development of the fetus, which is no more than 12 weeks. In the event that an abortion is necessary for medical reasons, the period during which the fetus develops in the womb does not matter.
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