A car consists of many nodes and mechanisms. In order for the torque energy to go into action and the car go, you need to use the gearbox. But sometimes a situation occurs when the gears with the engine started are hardly engaged. What could be the problem? Today we will try to answer this question.
VAZ or a foreign car - is there a difference?
To begin with, we note that the principle of operation of the main components of all cars is the same. And such a malfunction can happen to everyone, be it a foreign car, or a domestic car. The only difference is the type of drive. On rear-wheel drive cars, the lever is connected directly to the gearbox.
On front-wheel drive cars, the engine is transverse to the body. Therefore, to actuate the box, a rocker or cable drive is used. On the latest models of VAZs (including Kalina and Vesta), it is the latter type of drive that is used. It is more reliable, but problems arise with it. If the gears on the started engine do not turn on (Niva including), do not panic and take the car to the service. Perhaps the reason is banal malfunctions, which can be eliminated independently.
Link and backstage
If you have a front-wheel drive domestic car (nine, Priora, and so on), and the gears are tightly engaged when the engine is running, you should pay attention to these two details. Often when starting from a place, the gearshift lever begins to rattle convulsively (this is especially true for the Lada Samara family of the first and second generation). The wings fly out of the mounts. As a result, the gears on the wound engine are poorly engaged. The way out of the situation is to replace the elements with new ones. But this should be done only if you really were convinced of the malfunction of the backstage by looking under the bottom of the car.
Cable
If you have a more modern car, then the problems may lie in the cable drive.
On such machines, the gearbox lever has no wings and is not inserted into the transmission. If the cable breaks, the gears on both the wound and the drowned motor do not turn on. This is the main sign of damage. The way out is a complete replacement of the gearbox cable. Fortunately, it is inexpensive.
ICE mount pillow
Oddly enough, but this malfunction can significantly affect the quality of the checkpoint. Moreover, due to bad pillows, the gears on the wound-up engine both with the manual transmission and the “automatic machine” do not turn on. Some vehicles have separate box supports. Check their integrity and replace if necessary. It is very simple to check - the motor should not jerk from side to side with an increase in speed and at idle. If the pillows “subsided”, the motor will break the wings or jam the input shaft.
Fork
Now we will consider more complex malfunctions, because of which the gears do not turn on when the engine is started. UAZ is also subject to this breakdown, so do not deprive the plug of attention. So, on most rear- and all-wheel drive vehicles, gears are engaged hydraulically. When the driver presses the clutch pedal, the release piston activates, which pushes the fluid under pressure. As a result, the fork is retracted to the side, and the disc is disconnected. Inspect the condition of the plug itself and check the tightness of the system. If the level in the tank constantly goes down (by the way, “brake” is used for the clutch), the boot of the clutch slave cylinder may have broken . Because of this, we get an incomplete squeeze forks. The latter also sometimes breaks off, especially on the "GAZelle". This case looks as follows:
This suggests that the plug was not of the best quality and should be replaced. When buying such critical items, it is not price that matters, but quality. Do not give preference to cheap counterparts. Repair can take you a lot of time and effort. On front-wheel drive vehicles, replacing the fork requires disassembling the gearbox.
Release bearing
The clutch system has a special release bearing. It is he who squeezes the petals of the basket under the influence of a hydraulic drive (when you press the pedal). This bearing detaches the disc from the basket and flywheel. As a result, the motor operates separately from the box. If you release the pedal, the element will again connect the two nodes. Torque will be transmitted as the dry disk contacts the flywheel. If the gears do not turn on when the engine is running, most likely the release bearing has become unusable. What are the symptoms of a malfunction? You can determine the performance of the bearing “by ear”. To do this, gently press the pedal and then release it. There should be no noise, whether it is the clutch disengaged or engaged. Also note that to replace the clutch release (even on rear-wheel drive cars) you will have to completely remove the box with the "bell". This element is installed as in the photo below.
Noise should disappear after replacement. But if even after that the gears on the started engine do not turn on, it is necessary to inspect the
clutch basket itself
.Basket
Such an element is installed on all cars with a manual gearbox. As for the "machines", then a torque converter is used here or in the common people "bagel". So, why don't the gears start up on the engine running? Over time, wear of the clutch basket petals occurs. It bends or breaks them. As a result, the gears on the wound engine do not turn on. Inspect the state of the item visually. If the petals are damaged, then the element must be replaced.
But this is not the last reason why the gears on the wound engine do not turn on. If the speeds turn on tight and the car shakes at the start, the worn clutch disc is to blame. The element looks as follows:
This is how the new element looks. After 100 thousand kilometers, it will take on a slightly different look.
If the disc is worn out, burned out or springs fly out on it, it should be replaced. By the way, the development is also available on the flywheel, but it is not so significant.
How often does the clutch disc change?
There is no specific regulation here. The clutch disc resource is a subjective concept. It all depends on the loads - did you use the trailer, how much did you overload the car, and how often did you start with wheel slippage. Each blow from the flywheel falls on the clutch disc, because its main task is to transmit torque, and to do this as smoothly as possible. The resource can be from 30 to 200 or more thousand kilometers. Service life directly depends on driving style and vehicle loading conditions.
Synchronizers
In the event of a malfunction of these elements, the gears can be engaged, but with great effort and with a characteristic crunch (as on 53rd Lawn). The synchronizers themselves are soft gears that smooth the angular velocity of the shafts. Typically, the elements are made of copper and brass, therefore subject to wear. As they work out, the gears will be engaged more and more difficult, up to the use of double squeezing with gas rebate.
Transmission Shafts
This is one of the rarest reasons, but it should not be ruled out.
So, the gearbox shafts themselves fail. For example, the second or fifth gear refuses to be engaged. The degree of wear can be determined only after dismantling the transmission and completely opening the elements. The shafts are not pierced, but are replaced by new ones. That's all.
Conclusion
So, we found out why the gears on the wound engine do not turn on. As you can see, most problems can be identified and eliminated with your own hands. The main thing is to determine the failure in time and fix it, otherwise you risk getting into an expensive repair.