Monitoring refers to a system for monitoring something. Translated from Latin, this word means "warning" or "observer". Land monitoring - monitoring their condition. It acts as an integral part of monitoring all natural resources and performs a leading role among them.
According to article 67 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, state monitoring of lands is defined as a system for monitoring all the lands of the Russian Federation, regardless of their purpose and form of ownership. Its tasks are:
- identification and assessment of changes in the natural state of lands, forecasting possible negative processes and development of recommendations for the prevention and timely elimination of the consequences of such processes.
- provision of information to the state land control on land use and their protection.
- informing the population about the state of land as an object of the natural environment.
State registration of land (except for land for agricultural purposes) is carried out by the Rosreestr in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 457 dated 1.06.09. Monitoring can be carried out in accordance with the federal program, as well as be regional or local, depending on the corresponding program.
Land monitoring involves the collection, processing and storage of information about their condition, constant monitoring of their intended use, analysis of their quality status, taking into account the effects of natural factors.
Methods of collecting information are surveying and observation from space, as well as from airplanes and other airborne equipment, ground surveying, inspection at landfills and stationary reference areas. The information received contains data in graphical or text form.
The data that monitors land monitoring are divided into basic (state of the land at the time the monitoring process began), periodic (data for a specific period) and operational (current data). The necessary data include:
- location and land area;
- their purpose (arable land, forests, pastures and hayfields, swamps, land under water or used for building or roads, etc.)
- the degree of development of negative phenomena (desertification, erosion, flooding, littering, pollution with oil products, heavy metals, chemicals or radioactive). The degrees of negative processes can be divided into weak, moderate and severe; pollution can range from moderately dangerous to extremely dangerous.
By analyzing the data and comparing them with the normative, the state of all lands and lands is assessed ..
Land monitoring conducted by Rosreestr (its territorial bodies) allows you to make forecasts and recommendations on the optimal use of land resources based on the attached thematic charts, tables and maps. The materials obtained during monitoring are stored in the state data fund. This information is required when preparing the annual national report of Rosreestr to the Government of the Russian Federation on the state of land in the country and its use. Monitoring data are used by state authorities, as well as municipal authorities in resolving issues of urban development, food security, environmental safety, etc.
In addition, consumers of monitoring research information are legal entities involved in land management, in transactions with land plots, in the development of projects for the protection of natural resources. As well as individuals - citizens who want to receive reliable official information about land plots with a forecast of their future use (for example, to conclude transactions for the sale or purchase of a land).