The transition to a postindustrial society is characterized in its essence by an increase in the share of the category of the population that is engaged in the service sector. So, for example, in modern developed countries, the distribution by main areas of labor activity looks something like this:
the service sector occupies about 60%, agriculture - about 5%, and industry up to 35%. If a coup in the latter industry and industrialization several centuries ago implied a change in manual labor by machine and the widespread dissemination of technological innovations - from a loom to machine-building plants - then a post-industrial society is characterized by the outflow of a significant number of people from the manufacturing sector and their transition to services, education and scientific knowledge. Once, during the era of the
industrial revolution in Europe, in a number of countries there were workers' movements based on the idea that machines will replace people and deprive the latter of the opportunity to work in the industrial sphere. Luddites and saboteurs did their best to stop or delay technological progress. By the way, the word "sabotage" comes from the French name for the shoe (sabot), and with the help of them the work of
looms was deliberately blocked
. This idea finds its real embodiment today, when the development of technology really allows you to leave the lion's share of material production and reduce the participation of people here to a minimum, which can be seen on the example of the advanced states of the planet: Spain, the USA, Sweden, France and so on. However, this does not mean depriving people of the opportunity to earn money, on the contrary, it makes life easier for the latter in many respects and allows you to simply move to other areas of activity. We formulate these features in more detail and structured.
In the economic sphere, post-industrial society is characterized by certain points. Namely:
- high level of use of various information in order to develop the economy;
- dominance of the service sector;
- individualization of consumption and production;
- automation and robotization of almost all areas in management and production;
- the implementation of cooperation with the rest of wildlife;
- active development of environmentally friendly and resource-saving technologies.
In the political sphere, post-industrial society is also characterized by some features. In particular:
- a strong civil society dominated by law and law;
- political pluralism, expressed by a significant number of parties and movements;
- the emergence of a new democratic form, which is based on consensus and various concessions of opposing forces.
In the social sphere, a post-industrial society is characterized by the following features:
- erasing class differences;
- an increase in the number of representatives of the middle class;
- increasing differentiation of the level of knowledge, their professionalization;
- high degree of social mobility;
- the life span in information societies is usually higher than in industrial (and significantly higher than in agrarian).
Consider another area. In the spiritual sphere, a post-industrial society is characterized by:
- the special role of education and science;
- the development of an individualized type of consciousness;
- the need for continuous self-education.