The Republic of Kyrgyzstan is a unique case of a country in the constitution of which its state structure is not fixed. Thus, the political life of the country is determined by the tradition, which, despite the youth of the republic, was eventful in the past twenty-five years.
Head of state
The first president of Kyrgyzstan after independence was Askar Akayev, who ruled the country for fifteen years - from October 27, 1990 to April 11, 2005, when he was forced to resign under serious pressure from opposition leaders who led street protests that went down in history as the Tulip Revolution . The Kyrgyz revolution became one of the so-called color revolutions that swept through the post-Soviet space in the middle of the zero.
As a result of these events, Kurmanbek Bakiyev became the new president of Kyrgyzstan , whose share fell significant tests. In 2006, a parliamentary crisis erupted in the country, revealing contradictions between parliament and the president, as well as attesting to the need to amend the constitution.
On October 21, 2007, a referendum was held to raise the question of a new constitution. For the introduction of the new fundamental law, 76.1% of voters voted. Such massive support allowed the president of Kyrgyzstan to dissolve parliament and call new elections. Thus, a political system took shape, in which a de facto parliamentary-presidential system exists in the country.
2010 crisis
However, neither reform nor the removal of the past elite from power led to any significant changes in people's lives. The country still maintained a too low standard of living with a rather high level of corruption, which was also expressed in the open struggle between the various clans of the north and south of the republic. To top it off, by 2010, the cost of utilities had risen sharply in the country.
All these factors gave rise to the second revolution in the country in five years. In March, a congress of opposition forces was held in Bishkek, at which it was decided to elect Roza Otunbayeva as the leader of the movement, who already had considerable experience in government structures at that time.
One month after the opposition congress, a coup occurred in the country, as a result of which the opposition took power in the country. This transition took place as soon as possible and was accompanied by interethnic clashes, pogroms and mass looting.
Consequences of the revolution
However, the riots were soon stopped, and the state system as a result of the revolution underwent significant changes. On June 27, 2010, a referendum on the new Constitution was held in the country, according to which Kyrgyzstan became actually a parliamentary republic.
From May 2010 to December 2011, Oda Roza Otunbaeva acted as president of the country, but not according to the results of popular elections, but according to a decree of the Provisional Government.
However, in accordance with the agreements, she left this post at the appointed time and direct elections were held in the country, at which President Atambayev became the new head of state, whose term expires in December 2017.
On October 15, 2017, the country held the next presidential election, in which eleven candidates participated. According to the results of the voting, Sooronbai Jeenbekov became the new president of Kyrgyzstan.