On a VAZ 2114 car, a generator is an electric three-phase machine that generates alternating current. Inside it there is a unit with rectifiers, which allows you to convert current (three phases) into direct current. To make repairs yourself, you need to know the device of the generator and the main breakdowns that can occur. Therefore, it is worth considering everything in order.
General design of the generator set
- Covers made of aluminum alloys. They have special sockets in which bearings are pressed in. On the back cover there is a battery connection terminal and a connector (“male”) for connecting to the field winding. Also on the back cover is a capacitor. With its help, radio interference is suppressed. The brush assembly is mounted in one housing with a voltage regulator VAZ 2114. The generator operates due to the fact that the emf induced by the rotating magnetic field of the rotor is induced in the stator winding.
- The stator is composed of plates made of special grades of transformer steel. It has special grooves in which the power windings fit. Each has an output for connecting to a rectifier. Bolts are attached to the stator by bolts. The field winding is located on the rotor. Its connection is made to rings of copper. They are on the shaft. The drive pulley is installed in front, on the rotor there is a keyway under it.
- The diode block is mounted to the back cover from the inside. It consists of nine semiconductors - six primary and three additional. To ensure high-quality cooling of semiconductors, aluminum alloy plates are used. And on the front side next to the drive pulley is an impeller.
Specifications
Brief description of the technical characteristics of the generator:
- The power of the rotor winding (excitation) is produced by a voltage whose value is in the range of 13.2 - 14.7 volts.
- Under a load of 10 kg, the belt sag (over a long section) does not exceed 0.8 cm.
- The generator on the VAZ 2114 (its price in stores is about 4,000 - 4,500 rubles) is capable of delivering current up to 80 A.
The unit is located on the left side, the drive is carried out using a V-ribbed belt from the pulley on the crankshaft of the car engine.
Breakdowns in mechanics and electrics
Such a malfunction manifests itself in increasing the noise level emitted by the generator set. The reason is the destruction of one of the bearings. As a rule, the one located in the front cover is affected by very large loads, especially when the VAZ 2114 generator belt is tensioned too much. For this reason, always check the tension of the alternator drive belt.
As for breakdowns in the electrical part, they can manifest themselves in the form of a lack of battery charging voltage or its low (sometimes too high) value. To check serviceability, it is not necessary to remove the generator from the car. To do this, use a multimeter. Measure the voltage at the terminals of the VAZ 2114 battery. The generator should produce about 14 volts during operation. If it is 12 Volts or lower, then the generator does not produce the desired voltage and needs repair. In some cases, the fault lies with the voltage regulator or worn brushes.
Generator Removal Tools
An arm is mounted to the engine block (approximately in the middle). The generator housing is fixed to the bracket on the block using a special strap. Thanks to it, it becomes possible to adjust the tension of the belt. To remove the generator, you need the following tool:
- Wrenches (preferably union and open- end wrenches ) with sizes "10", "13", "17", "19".
- On some vehicles, a “15” socket head may be required.
- A small mount or short piece of pipe.
Dismantling the generator from the car
If you need to replace the bearing of the VAZ 2114 generator, you will need to completely remove the unit. First you must disconnect the battery. Repair cannot be started without this - a short circuit can cause ignition of the wiring. Then, using the key on “17”, loosen the tension of the drive belt. To do this, unscrew the nut in the upper part and slide the housing to the engine block. A little work with electricity - unscrew the nut from the bolt (terminal "31") and disconnect the wire going to the field winding.
The generator is mounted below using a long bolt and nut. The latter has a plastic thread lock. At the top, the bar is bolted to the stator with one nut, and to the engine block with two bolts. Unscrew all threaded connections to remove the generator. If the thread is stuck, use penetrating grease - it will get rid of dirt and rust. The generator is pulled up - it turns out easier. But you can remove the engine protection and pull it down: on a VAZ 2114 car, the generator can be removed in two ways.
Generator disassembly
Tool:
- The keys are “10” and “19”.
- Crosshead screwdriver.
Before starting, make sure that all spare parts for generators are purchased. The procedure for disassembling the generator:
- Wring out latches and remove a plastic casing from the case.
- Mark the position of the covers and the stator relative to each other - this will facilitate later assembly.
- Using a Phillips screwdriver, unscrew the two bolts that secure the voltage regulator to the brush assembly.
- Turn off the regulator.
- Remove the screws that secure the rectifier diode unit . Disconnect the stator winding leads from it and remove the assembly. Note that a capacitor is also dismantled with it. With its help, the voltage of the VAZ 2114 generator is “cleaned” from the variable component.
- Unscrew the four bolts, and then remove the back cover.
- Grip the rotor and unscrew the nut from the pulley side.
- Remove the front cover.
- Visually assess the condition of the units. If severe wear is present everywhere, a major overhaul will be required.
How to identify a malfunction?
Signs of damage to the generator:
- A lamp is lit on the dashboard (briefly or continuously) to indicate that there is no charge - the red battery.
- There is insufficient or excessive battery power.
- The headlights shine dimly or their blinking is noticeable, wipers work unstably, constantly change speed.
- The electrolyte boils in the battery, the headlights shine brightly, sometimes the lamps burn.
- Noise from the generator is observed.
This is a brief description of the problems, but you need to consider them in more detail in order to repair the generator on the VAZ 2114. The price for a full repair will be no more than 1,200 rubles.
Breakage of the brush mechanism
Faults can be divided into two types: breakage of brushes or voltage regulator. Replacement of brushes and relay-controller is carried out without dismantling the generator. Diagnostics can also be done using improvised means - a pair of finger batteries, a battery, a bulb or a tester. The cost of the brush assembly is quite low, so you can not check it, but immediately put a new one and forget about the problems. But if you have an idea, then the diagnosis is performed as follows:
- Connect power to the voltage regulator.
- Connect the incandescent lamp with brushes.
- At a voltage of 12-14 volts, the lamp glows.
- When increased to 15-16 volts, it goes out.
This is the normal operation of the regulator. If during the diagnosis the lamp behaves differently, we can talk about the breakdown of the relay regulator. It is also worth mentioning the signs of worn brushes:
- In the on-board network there is a decrease in voltage.
- The battery does not charge.
- Power surges are observed.
After removing the brushes, visually assess their condition - if the length is less than half a centimeter, you can safely throw them away. Also pay attention to how the brushes of the VAZ 2114 generator move in the grooves - if there is jamming, it is better to install new ones or drip a little clean oil. Be sure to assess the condition of the slip rings on the rotor, sometimes they need to be sanded. After installing the new brushes, it takes several minutes for them to start working normally.
Diode rectifier
Two signs of failure of the diode bridge :
- There is no charge on the battery.
- The charge is much higher than expected.
This breakdown can entail quite negative consequences. If you doubt your abilities, then it is better to entrust the repair of the generator to a person who specializes in this. Most often, two diodes fail, but replacing them is problematic, since these spare parts for generators are not sold separately. It will be much easier to buy a new one and install it. Replacement is carried out in the following sequence:
- In the block, a contact bolt is mounted with bushings and nuts, and a clamp is made.
- Correct and reinstall all the stator winding leads, tighten their connection nuts.
- Replace the bolts that secured the rectifier unit. Tighten them.
- Put the relay-regulator and tighten the bolts of its fastening.
- Establish a plastic casing and fix its latches.
- Install the generator on the car, pull the belt and check the operation.
How to replace the VAZ 2114 generator?
VAZ 2114 is a car that is often subjected to modifications (tuning). First of all, of course, they put quality and powerful music. Some take care of comfort, install xenon, EUR, air conditioner. From this, the load on the generator becomes higher, the "native" is not able to cope with it. Most often, they are looking for a replacement for a full-time among the VAZs of new models - Kalina, Priora. The replacement of the VAZ 2114 generator is quite simple. Any motorist can do it if he knows how to handle wrenches. In addition to the new generator, you will need:
- Open-end wrenches and spanners with “10” and “13”.
- Horn keys on "17" and "19".
- Screwdrivers.
- Small mount.
- In other words, all the tools that are needed to remove the installation.
Alternator replacement procedure
Regardless of which generator you install on the VAZ 2114 (Priors or Kalina), the replacement process will be the same. To replace, follow these steps:
- Disconnect the negative lead from the battery.
- Remove the protection of the engine.
- Using the key to “10”, unscrew the nut from the generator bolt (terminal “31”).
- Disconnect the wire going to the brushes.
- Unscrew all the nuts and bolts that secured the generator housing to the tension bar and engine block.
- Take out the generator.
- Install the new one in the reverse order.
Be sure to tighten the belt correctly, otherwise the bearing will quickly fail. This is the end of the work: after a well-made repair, you can stop looking at the generator for at least three years (or 50 thousand kilometers).