The inflammatory process in the periosteum has a medical diagnosis of periostitis of the lower jaw. The code according to ICD 10 has the meanings K10.22 and K10.23. In the first case, the inflammation is in its initial form, the second figures indicate the chronic form of the disease.
According to ICD 10, periostitis of the lower jaw is divided into two subgroups, but practical forms of the development of the inflammatory process have much more conditions. So, subclasses are distinguished by the source of tumor development, stage of development, type of complications.
Prerequisites for the development of an abscess
The oral cavity is always exposed to harmful microorganisms. They get there for the following reasons:
- poor-quality or poorly processed food;
- through the hands, more often this happens in children;
- internal paths during inflammation of the tooth or after its removal.
Often, inflammation passes to the cheek area or other tissues of the skull. Imagine a typical periostitis of the lower jaw, the photo indicates a large lesion. The name of the disease describes the mechanism by which the infection spreads to healthy cells - flux indicates a leak.
Periostitis of the lower jaw is less dangerous than the upper. However, do not neglect medical care for the development of primary symptoms. The flux can rapidly spread through the internal tissues of the gums and cause swelling of the cheeks. Moreover, the entire process of periosteum tumor formation can be asymptomatic.
Normal tooth decay leads to sad complications. The bacterial environment disperses throughout the body, causing inflammation of the respiratory tract, lungs, bronchi. Severe advanced cases of the disease lead to pathological changes in the body. So, an imperceptible spot on the enamel becomes a surgeon's problem.
The initial stages of flux can be prevented by periodic visits to the dentist, but many people neglect the prevention of periostitis.
The main ways of occurrence
2 factors affect the development of periosteum tumor:
- the penetration of bacteria into the layers of tissue through the wound, which often forms after tooth extraction;
- purulent processes of the roots of the tooth or the internal spread of infection.
Penetration through a healthy mucosa is rarely possible, but if the immune system is weakened, the bacteria immediately linger on the mucosa. Lack of dental hygiene promotes the growth of microorganisms in the mouth. At the first internal wound, tissue infection instantly occurs.
Internal infection is more likely to occur in young children when the body is weakened by an attack of unknown infections. With age, immunity strengthens and not every bacterium is able to overcome the protective threshold. However, a person intentionally spoils his health, not suspecting what consequences await him. Provoking factors can be distinguished:
- alcohol and smoking violate the condition of the mucosa, leading to a dry mouth, which facilitates the path of infection of various kinds;
- lack of brushing after eating, at bedtime, in the morning;
- poor nutrition and motionless lifestyle;
- internal chronic diseases;
- other infections, such as herpes simple type, when bactericidal vesicles appear periodically on the oral mucosa.
Also, a decrease in the tone of the body contributes to the rapid growth of bacteria. A purulent periostitis of the lower jaw is formed, capable of capturing vast parts of the facial region.
Causes of acute conditions
Allocate the main factor in the development of flux - this is the lack of timely destruction of bacteria that breed on the teeth. People with good oral hygiene, mouthwashes and periodically visiting the dentist will never get periostitis of the lower jaw. Symptoms of flux always have unpleasant consequences, it is better to prevent it than to fight a massive attack of harmful microorganisms.
A combination of circumstances can provoke an avalanche-like growth of bacteria. The immune response promotes fluid flow to the site of inflammation, creating large tissue swelling. Such complications become possible under the influence of the following reasons:
- Inflammation of the surrounding tissue begins under the influence of periodontitis.
- A provocateur can be tuberculosis.
- An infectious cause occurs with a strong decrease in the body's defenses.
- Jaw injuries accompanied by displacement of the jaw bones.
- Allergic edema of the gums.
- Chemical poisoning.
Existing species
Flux is divided by type of inflammatory process, tumor shape, and time of formation. This information is necessary to choose the right treatment. Here are the possible conditions of the disease:
- Periostitis of the lower jaw can pass with the formation of pus. Such forms have the largest neoplasms that distort the appearance of the face. Acute forms occur in cases of severe weakening of the immune system in the initial stages of the development of bacterial inflammation.
- The chronic form of the disease develops for a long time asymptomatic. But under favorable conditions, active reproduction of bacteria occurs. Swelling of the gums increases, spreading around the surrounding tissues. This type of periostitis can take place with or without pus.
- A simple aseptic development is distinguished: tissue rotting occurs without the formation of symptoms of inflammation. With this form, blood swelling may appear, pain is felt.
- The chronic form is often called ossifying periostitis. With this developmental variant, there is a growth on the bone tissues of the jaw. It is possible to identify a change in structure according to an X-ray examination. Spikes and thickenings will be visible in the picture.
- A particular type of acute inflammation is serous periostitis of the lower jaw. This disease is formed under the influence of periodontitis. Signs include fever, pain during chewing food and swelling of the tissues. The tooth on the affected gum is more often removed.
- The modified gum can take the form of fibrous tissue. In the process of inflammation, both the tooth itself and the bone parts of the jaw are involved. These changes occur as a result of repeated mechanical action on one site of the periosteum.
Features
On palpation, often only acute periostitis of the lower jaw can be detected. Symptoms of chronic inflammation are described by the following conditions:
- Deterioration of general well-being with the hidden nature of the course of diseases. Often passes with a rise in temperature above 37 degrees.
- Young children have increased tearfulness, restless sleep. Often they generally refuse food that needs to be chewed.
- On palpation, you can find a thickening of the gum tissue, which respond with soreness at the moment of touch. A slight swelling of the cheek also appears.
- Symptoms worsen when immunity decreases. Colds or acute respiratory complications immediately respond to gum pain.
- Acute periostitis of the lower jaw is always a danger to the whole organism. At this point, there is a rapid swelling of the cheek or neck. Swollen tissue is visible on the gum. The pain threshold becomes higher than tolerable.
- Purulent discharge from the gums indicates an extremely difficult situation for the patient. This type is treated only by surgery; a plastic surgeon may be required. This condition occurs when a retromolar periostitis of the lower jaw develops. Problems arise with difficult teething of molars.
All acute stages of the development of the disease are accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes.
Distinctive characteristics of acute forms of inflammation
Any acute purulent periostitis of the lower jaw proceeds with visible symptoms. It becomes the result of complications after inflamed periodontitis. The following symptoms are inherent in this condition: severe swelling of the cheeks and gums, pain during chewing of food. There is a decrease in well-being. Face shapes often change, but the color of the skin remains the same.
A symptom of inflammation always becomes a thickening of the lymph nodes in the area of periostitis. The neglected stages are described by irreplaceable conditions for the roots of the affected tooth. It must be removed during treatment. But often the affected area is treated with antibacterial solutions.
Multi-rooted teeth are not amenable to dental therapy. If they are not removed, then with the further development of inflammation, lymphadenitis can form. Through the ducts of the lymphatic system, the bacterial environment will disperse throughout the body, which will lead to a deterioration in well-being.
Distinctive characteristics of chronic forms of inflammation
The problem of caries is often left unattended due to lack of time, money or simply in the absence of a clinic nearby. A neglect of your body leads to bacterial inflammation. Chronic periostitis of the lower jaw develops asymptomatically, it can be detected only in the dental office.
A relapsing form occurs provided that previously there was already periostitis with an abscess. As a result of treatment or lack thereof, the bacterial environment re-develops. So, periostitis of the lower jaw is formed after tooth extraction, if the cavity has not been thoroughly cleaned.
The process of developing inflammation of the periosteum
The initial stages of the development of the disease are invisible to humans. The slow development of inflammation allows bacteria to gain a foothold in the gum tissue. The first symptoms of periostitis can be detected by discomfort in the oral cavity. The tongue notices a slight thickening of the tissues under the teeth.
The next stage of development is accompanied by the appearance of soreness when chewing food. Then redness forms in the area of the roots of the teeth. The gums become inflamed, which leads to an increase in swelling. The symmetry of the face is broken, this can be seen with the naked eye.
With the further development of edema, the surrounding tissues become inflamed. Redness is visible in the cheek area. If there is no treatment for a long time, ulcers form. After a while they open. Bleeding mixed with a bacterial environment is a danger to the internal systems of the body.
The foci of inflammation become the cause of infection of the lymph, which passes through the whole body. The neglected stages of periostitis can lead to massive tooth loss, therefore, at the first symptoms of pain, you should visit the dentist.
Types of course therapy
Periodontitis almost always leads to a diagnosis of periostitis of the lower jaw. Treatment is carried out immediately in the dentist's office. For any type of therapy, local anesthesia is used. Purulent foci of periostitis lead to the removal of multi-rooted teeth, and the residual cavity is thoroughly washed with solutions. Improper treatment leads to repeated inflammation of the periosteum.
With periostitis, the periosteum of the root of the tooth is often dispensed with, the swollen tissues are opened and the canal is cleaned with a solution. Timely therapy will help maintain a working fang. In the period of tissue repair, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs are prescribed.
With severe pain, it is permissible to use local painkillers compresses. Therapeutic methods for the destruction of the bacterial environment are widely used. These include ultraviolet radiation, laser and light therapy.
Preventive actions
Periodic examination at the dentist helps to avoid not only inflammatory conditions, but also maintains healthy teeth. Treatment takes a short time, but a beautiful smile can be maintained until old age. To maintain the body, you must follow the rules of hygiene, diet, and monitor the development of chronic diseases.
To counter bacteria, the body needs to be supported with vitamins, use liquid to rinse the oral cavity. For infectious diseases, treat wounds in the mouth with special antiseptics. Sweets adversely affect teeth: caramels, chocolates and other confectionery.
At risk are people involved in dangerous sports. Due to the periodic trauma of the jaw, the body becomes predisposed to the development of flux. The neglected stages of the inflammatory process lead to the formation of a course for accumulated pus. The condition of the abscess is eliminated for a long time and painfully. Better to prevent the disease than to deal with unpleasant complications.