Early spontaneous miscarriage: causes, symptoms, consequences

Miscarriage is one of the common names for spontaneous abortion. I must say, this sad phenomenon occurs quite often - up to 1/5 of the cases of conception end in a similar way. And most often, spontaneous miscarriage occurs precisely in the first weeks of pregnancy. In this article, we will discuss in detail its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, ways to restore the body, and much more.

Miscarriages and their types

Spontaneous abortion, depending on the timing, is divided into three groups:

1. Termination of biochemical pregnancy. 1-3 weeks. The uterine cavity spontaneously releases from the embryo during this period. Allocations with their appearance resemble menstrual blood, so a woman without tests can not determine that she was pregnant.
2. Spontaneous abortion (spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage). Up to 22 weeks. The weight of the fetus in this case is not more than 400 g.
3. Preterm birth (late miscarriage). Pathology manifests itself after 22 weeks of pregnancy. At this time, the child is already possible to save.
   

Most likely miscarriage

Speaking about the timing of a spontaneous miscarriage, we pay attention to especially dangerous periods when a woman should be most careful to give birth to her child.

Now we will decide on an early spontaneous abortion.

Types of Miscarriage in the First Weeks

An early spontaneous miscarriage can be of two types:

1. Full. Shells and parts of the fetus come out of the uterus, amniotic fluid flows completely.
2. Incomplete. Some parts of the fetus remain in the uterus. The case is most characteristic of early pregnancy. Most often, an embryo leaves the uterus, but amniotic membranes remain. In this case, the woman needs emergency therapy - cleansing, the introduction of stimulant drugs. In addition, this is a sign for a complete diagnosis of the reproductive system, more careful planning for a new pregnancy.
   

Causes of Spontaneous Miscarriage

The most basic reason for this in the early stages is the presence of defects in the fetus that are incompatible with life. Therefore, most often, doctors do not try to stop the process. However, if a woman insists on preserving the fetus, then it is often possible to prevent a miscarriage. But in this case, the expectant mother must admit that the baby can be born with serious genetic abnormalities.

The reasons for terminating a biochemical pregnancy are the “breakdown” of genes during the fusion of parent germ cells.

An early spontaneous miscarriage is caused by the following:

• Maternal endocrine diseases, hormonal disruptions.
• Tumors of the organs of the reproductive system.
• Serious pathologies of blood vessels, kidneys, heart.
• Isthmic-cervical insufficiency.
• Diagnosis in parents of drug addiction, alcoholism.
• Toxic poisoning of the mother.
• Injury, heavy physical exertion.
• Nervous shock, stress.
• A history of abortion.
• Rhesus conflict in parents.
• Maternal infections - rubella, tonsillitis, herpes, influenza, STIs, toxoplasmosis, etc.
• X-ray examinations.
• Taking a number of drugs.
• Operations on the abdominal cavity, uterus.

The most common causes of late abortions:

• Inflammation in the uterine cavity, placenta.
• The pathological development of the placenta, its premature aging, detachment and other functional disorders.
• The placenta ceases to produce nutrients for the fetus.
  

Stage of miscarriage

Spontaneous miscarriage (we do not demonstrate photos for ethical reasons) is a process that goes through four stages:

1. Period of threat. If you start therapy at this time, then trouble can be prevented.
2. The abortion has begun. During this period, doctors, despite the intensive measures taken, may already not save the fetus.
3. Miscarriage in use. Already a completely irreversible process - a partially or completely dead fetal egg leaves the uterine cavity.
4. A completed abortion. The remains of the fetus come out of the uterus, it is restored in size.

Symptoms of Spontaneous Miscarriage

To prevent trouble, you need to know how she claims herself. Symptoms of spontaneous early miscarriage are as follows:

• Pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes very strong.
• Cramps may be felt.
• Vaginal discharge within 1-3 days - scarlet, brown.

If a woman is not aware that she is pregnant, she can take these symptoms as the start of another menstruation. However, there are indirect signs that distinguish spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage from menstruation:

• Spasmodic pains.
• Diarrhea.
• Nausea.
• Aching pain in the lower back.
• Blood discharge alternates with the release of mucus.
• Weight loss.

If the period is already 4-5 weeks, then the symptoms are different:

• Drawing pains in the lower abdomen.
• Recurring nausea.
• Dizziness.
• Frequent urination.
• The discharge is reddish brown or with bright blood spots.

I must say that such conditions can last up to several days.

Symptoms of the second stage of a miscarriage are as follows:

• Cramping pain in the lower abdomen, in the sacrum.
• Severe dizziness.
• General weakness.
• Blood secretions come out in clots

At this stage, you should immediately consult a doctor - there is a chance to save the baby's life!

When the miscarriage has already begun, the woman feels the following:

• Sharp pain in the abdominal cavity, lower back.
• Blood loss.
• The exit of the fetus from the uterus. If he died some time before a miscarriage, then you can see a gray vial, full or decomposed.
  

Complications

Spontaneous miscarriage is primarily uterine bleeding and pain of various durations and intensities. Why is blood coming? The detachment of the fetus, its passage through the birth canal is associated with damage to small vessels. Normally, bleeding lasts 4-10 days. If this period is longer, then we can talk about the development of infection, the remaining parts of the fetus in the uterus. Here you need surgical or medical treatment.

After an early abortion, the risk of developing serious complications is usually minimal. In most cases, the fetus, along with the membranes, is rejected by the body completely.

Miscarriages caused by a woman at home with improvised means are dangerous. This is especially true of late dates. They can lead to inflammation and even sepsis. Sometimes, due to such an act, a woman cannot become pregnant in the future.

Diagnostics

The main way to identify a threat is by performing an ultrasound of the uterus. At the threat stage, using this study, it is possible to detect segmental contraction of the walls of this organ. When spontaneous abortion is in progress, an ultrasound scan may reveal detachment of the ovum.

If miscarriages in women are repeated, then genetic tests are used to search for "wrong" chromosomes.

Treatment of the consequences

If there is a chance to maintain a pregnancy, then the woman is prescribed the following:

• General strengthening, sedatives.
• Antispasmodics that eliminate the increased tone of the walls of the uterus.
• Hormonal drugs, most often containing progesterone.
• Vitamins (folic acid).
• In the later stages, a ring is placed on the cervix, or it is sutured surgically.

If a spontaneous abortion occurs, then the consequences of spontaneous miscarriage without cleaning are prescribed. The doctor can choose one of the following treatment tactics:

1. Expectant. If the miscarriage is complete, then the body does not need treatment. It will fully recover after 4-6 weeks.
2. Drug treatment. In order to remove the remnants of the fetus from the uterine cavity, stimulating drugs are prescribed for the woman. Most often it is Misoprostol. Its intake causes a strong contraction of the body, which helps to complete a miscarriage.
3. Surgery. If complications have been identified, then a similar treatment is prescribed. It is also used in connection with the individual characteristics of the female reproductive system (for example, the bend of the uterus).

Curettage of the uterus

Cleaning with spontaneous miscarriage is one of the unpleasant procedures. But with incomplete exit of the fetus, one can not do without it. Otherwise, serious consequences appear - inflammatory processes in the uterus, inability to become pregnant in the future.

The procedure goes something like this:

1. Preparing a woman for surgery, an enema.
2. Selection of the right type of anesthesia.
3. The cervix opens with mirrors and dilators, after which the surgeon removes the fetal egg and its membranes with a cuvette.
4. The operation ends with curettage of the organ from the inside in order to prevent its inflammation.

The collected material is sent for histological examination.

Woman recovery

If physical health after a spontaneous miscarriage is restored relatively quickly, then this cannot be said about the mental state of a woman. Someone falls into apathy, someone seeks to forget about bad habits, someone tries to get pregnant again as soon as possible. From all this, a woman should be protected by her loved ones. Do not be afraid of the help of a psychologist, psychotherapist in a difficult period.

The menstrual cycle is restored a few weeks after a miscarriage. Experts advise to resume sex life no earlier than after 1.5-2 months. But a second attempt at conception is best approached after six months or a year, when the physical and moral condition is fully restored.

Doctors also advise to undergo an examination before a new pregnancy:

• Ultrasound of the pelvic systems.
• STI tests.
• A blood test for glucose.
• Hormonal studies.
• Samples for biocompatibility of blood of father and mother.
• As prescribed by the doctor - genetic tests.
• General clinical examinations.

Do not forget about proper preparation for a new responsible state:

• Proper nutrition.
• Receiving a balanced complex of vitamins.
• Refusal of bad habits, excessive addiction to coffee.
• Vaccinations against a number of infectious diseases.

Prevention

Unfortunately, people still cannot afford to exclude the influence on the course of pregnancy of genetic characteristics, the consequences of chronic diseases. However, there are general tips to help minimize the risk of miscarriage:

• Healthy lifestyle.
• Proper and balanced nutrition.
• Normalization of weight.
• Fighting stressful situations.
• The intake of vitamins.
• Refusal of alcohol.
• Minimization of serious physical exertion.
• Regular consultations and examinations with a doctor.
  

For the most part, spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages is not dangerous for a woman's physical health. With timely and proper treatment, the event will not harm its reproductive function. The moral condition of a woman who needs the support of both relatives and specialists deserves more attention.