97% of the population over the age of fifty have false teeth. Many are complex about this. But this is not so scary at all. Modern technologies make it possible to make such a prosthesis or tooth, which does not differ at all from the present.
There are a lot of types of false teeth, the photos of which are below. All of them differ in material, installation and appearance.
Removable teeth
Removable teeth are dental implant dentures that a person can wear and remove. Shown with a partial or complete loss of their own units. They return functionality to the dentition, correct cosmetic defects, when it is impossible to perform fixed prosthetics.
Removable dentures are plastic plates with attached artificial dental crowns. They well distribute the chewing load on the gums. Insert plates are mounted in the oral cavity by suction or special fasteners. Removable teeth are comfortable to use, aesthetically pleasing in appearance, safe and have no age restrictions. They make removable teeth, taking into account the individual characteristics of the condition of the jaws of the client.
Classification of removable dentures
Removable teeth are divided into two main types: full removable and partially removable. In full removable, the base adjacent to the gum is made of acrylic and nylon. Partially removable can additionally have metal fasteners (hook, lock, arc). A variety of removable dentures allows you to choose the most suitable type of prosthetics.
Full removable
A complete denture is used with a complete absence of teeth on the jaw. The teeth that are mounted on the base plate are made of plastic or ceramic. For the upper jaw, this is a plate covering the palate and jaw. Fastens in the oral cavity by suction. In the lower jaw, dentures are usually fixed much worse. Caring for full dentures is easy.
However, false jaw teeth have many disadvantages:
- Failure of fastening in the oral cavity.
- Long addictive.
- Short service life.
- Difficulty eating, talking, etc.
- Fuzzy diction.
- Sometimes pain from mechanical friction.
- Diet restrictions.
- The need for enhanced hygiene and frequent examinations.
Partially removable
Partially removable prosthetics can be performed when at least one or several of their teeth are preserved. They serve as the main support for the prosthesis. Partially, removable prostheses are recommended for the loss of one or several teeth, as well as a temporary solution for the preparation of a permanent prosthesis. They are used for the loss of chewing teeth. A partially removable prosthesis consists of nylon or plastic. Fixation is carried out on the remaining teeth using clasp fasteners. In nylon varieties, clasps are made of material of the construction itself. Plastic hooks have metal hooks. Partially removable teeth are easier to make, they are lightweight and can transform.
Types of partially removable dentures
There are the following types of partially removable dentures: lamellar, clasp, implant prosthesis, sector and segment.
Clasp option - the best false teeth, one of the most durable and durable options with many advantages:
- Uniform load on the jaw bones when chewing (thanks to the metal frame).
- Reducing wear on your teeth and rubbing against your gums.
- No need to take off at night.
- For non-metal species, a big plus is elastic clasps for fastening in the mouth.
- A significant drawback of clasp teeth is the high price.
Fixed teeth
Big steps are made by modern dentistry in the development of fixed prosthetics. Such prostheses are intended for continuous wear and contribute to the creation of an impeccable appearance of the dentition. This is made possible by the restoration of individual teeth.
When removable prosthetics are needed
Installation of a fixed structure is carried out with the following indications:
- complete absence of teeth;
- the absence of at least three units in a row;
- lack of front teeth;
- diseases in which tooth decay occurs.
The installed prosthesis fully assumes all the functions of the lost unit. Self-removal of such a prosthesis is impossible. The procedure is performed only by the dentist.
The advantages of fixed prosthetics
The main advantage of this type of prosthetics is its high strength, the ability to give a smile a beautiful and aesthetic appearance. The main tasks that fixed prosthetics solves:
- replacement of lost teeth;
- maintaining a healthy state of other teeth;
- lack of discomfort when talking and eating food.
Fixed prosthesis selection and classification
Choosing the prosthesis to be installed, the dentist is repelled by the number of missing units and the degree of damage to existing teeth. Fixed prostheses are classified by type of material from which they are made, and by type of product. Can be made of the following materials:
- metal - are not used very often, usually when necessary to restore the chewing teeth;
- non-metallic - are used quite rarely, not very durable;
- composite (cermet) - the most used and popular option, is convenient and easy.
By type of product can be of several types:
- Bridge prostheses are fused constructions imitating up to 4 teeth.
- Single crowns - imitate a tooth, preserving anatomical features. They are used in cases when most of the unit has been destroyed, but the roots are preserved.
- Veneers - are used for minor damage to the teeth, which are localized in the area of the smile. They are very thin plates applied to the front of the tooth. Veshnee practically indistinguishable from natural enamel.
- Tabs - allow you to restore both minor parts of the tooth and its vast areas. Almost indestructible, so they require replacement less often than seals.
What care is required for fixed prostheses?
With fixed fixed prostheses installed, the oral cavity should be cleaned twice a day: in the morning and in the evening. The toothbrush should have a soft bristle. This helps to remove stones and plaque. Dentures require careful handling. The toothpaste used must not contain soda and abrasives to prevent minor scratches. The main thing is that if a false tooth has fallen out, then it is quite easy to replace.
Dental implantation methods
Currently, there are four main methods of dental implantation:
- two-stage (classical method);
- one-stage implantation;
- basal implantation (rapid implantation);
- all-on-4.
The choice of this or that method depends on the condition of the jaw bone, the state of the dentition, the presence of concomitant diseases in the patient, and the qualifications of the operating doctor.
The two-stage method has existed since the 80s of the XX century, it is the most tested and developed in dentistry.
At the first stage, the implant is implanted into the bone tissue. So that there is no message with the oral cavity and the implant is not infected, it is closed with special plugs.
The second stage begins after the implant has taken root: it is reopened. A special adapter is installed on top - an abutment, on which a denture or crown is fixed. The classic method has pros and cons.
The strengths of this approach are the universality of its field of application, predictability of the result, locality of intervention, and durability. Versatility involves solving a variety of oral problems. The method is applicable for deficiency of bone and soft tissues, suitable for all patients. This approach makes it possible to install both single crowns and bridges of various sizes, sizes and lengths.
The predictability of the result is provided by the phased operation. Manipulations are carried out gradually, which makes it possible to assess the result and determine the timing of rehabilitation.
The locality of the intervention means that adjacent healthy teeth are not affected, not injured. They are durable. Well implanted implants do not change throughout life. If necessary, a denture or crowns mounted on it are repaired.
The weaknesses of the technique are its duration and invasiveness. The operation can take several months or even years (depending on the speed of adaptation of the body to the implant). Injury is determined by large incisions during surgery and extensive damage to nearby tissues.
One-stage implantation - a technique for installing an implant and a temporary crown for one medical appointment. The operation is performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia in a transgingival manner (without gum incision). The advantages of this technique are low-invasiveness (minimally invasive), a short rehabilitation period, low doses of anesthetics, and the speed of the operation. The negative aspects of one-stage implantation include the need for sufficient space for fixing the prosthesis in the gum, contraindications for diseases of internal organs.
Basal (express) implantation is a qualitatively new technique, which consists in the fact that the implants are implanted in the basal and not the alveolar bone layer (as in other cases). Implantation is carried out not from above into the jawbone, but from the side, which allows to reduce the size of the pin. Implantation is carried out using monoblock systems: the abutment and the shaft are a single unit, and the lightweight crown makes it possible to functionally load the tooth immediately after surgery.
The advantages of the method are low invasiveness, the possibility of implantation without bone growth, short periods of restoration of the dentition and its functions.
The disadvantages that limit the application of this technique include the fact that it is only feasible in the absence of at least three teeth in a row, and the complexity of the operation, which requires special training of personnel, must be taken into account.
All-on-6 and All-on-4 and (from the English - “all on six” and “all on four”) - a technology in which the prosthesis is fixed on six or four pins implanted into the bone. Two or four inclined implants and two in the frontal part of the jaw are installed in the area of the chewing group of teeth.
This is a complex gentle technique that significantly reduces the area of surgical intervention and can significantly reduce the period of adaptation of the body to the implant. The method is used in cases where two-stage implantation is contraindicated:
- complete absence of teeth on one or both jaws;
- various inflammatory diseases (periodontal disease, periodontitis);
- irreversible tooth decay caused by wearing removable dentures.
The strengths of the technique are the relative cheapness, reliability, physiological nature of the chewing process due to the correct distribution of the load on the jaw bone. The disadvantages of this technique are the complexity of the implementation and a limited circle of specialists who own this technique.