Owners of private residential buildings are well aware that in order to keep the building itself and the surrounding area in good condition, the creation of a number of communications is required. In this case, it is very important to note the importance that the drainage system has on the site.
General information
In any case, the building must be protected from flooding by ground and atmospheric waters. For this reason, a drainage system around the house is definitely necessary. Next, we will figure out how to equip it.
Preparatory stage
Before proceeding with the construction of the house, an analysis of the soil on which construction is planned is required. The optimal option for choosing the foundation for the structure depends on this. In accordance with the information received, it will be possible to conclude whether a drainage system around the house is needed.
In which case do you need a drainage system?
Many people ask: "When is a drainage system around the house necessary?" This is necessary if the structure is located in an area where there is a high level of groundwater. Also, a drainage system around the house will be needed on the territory, the soil of which contains a lot of clay. The fact is that this interferes with the outflow of melt and rainwater.
Common Consequences
Excess moisture can significantly damage the foundation. The result of this problem is the subsidence of the walls and the inability to normally open or close doors and windows. Constant dampness of the foundation ultimately leads to mold and mildew. This greatly contributes to the destruction of the entire structure. In addition, residents can acquire various diseases.
Decision-making
Many people are faced with the problem of flooding the basement. In many cases, the only way out is the foundation drainage system. With your own hands to equip it, in general, is not difficult. However, it is worth considering that for its high-quality and reliable construction, you should know the technology of work. In some cases, a solid blind area may well protect the walls of the house and its foundation from the harmful effects of moisture. However, sometimes its arrangement does not become a significant obstacle to groundwater. In this case, a foundation drainage system is needed. Thus, water will be diverted away from housing. Before you begin to build a drainage system of the foundation with your own hands, you need to determine its type. There are trench, vertical and open structures.
Simple option
The easiest to install is an open drainage system.
The construction scheme is as follows. For installation, it is required to mark the perimeter and dig a drainage ditch along it. Its functional purpose is to collect rainwater from the site. Open ditches are good in areas that are located on a flat territory, where there are no pronounced slopes. This is especially true in cases when the drainage system of a private house with the use of pipes is equipped. The water that collects in the ditches is diverted to a special place or evaporates over time.
Vertical type
This drainage is often called wall drainage. The fact is that its purpose is to drain water directly from the foundation of the house. This prevents flooding of the basement floor of the structure. In this case, the pipes should be located below floor level. This type is very similar to an open system. However, there are differences. Before such a drainage system of the site is arranged with your own hands, the lower part of the residential building must be dug up to the width of the pit. There is also a need to install a clay castle. Its width is 0.5-1 m. In this case, the scope of work increases slightly, as it is complemented by earthworks.
Trench type
Laying drainage pipes is the most common option due to its high efficiency. They are made of different materials. However, experts distinguish a special perforated drainage pipe. Its use has many advantages, for example, such as:
- Simple and quick installation of the drainage pipe.
- Lack of technical limitations during installation work.
- There is no need for additional fittings and other elements.
Preliminary work
Before installing the drainage, several preparatory measures are required:
- First of all, it is necessary to prime the outer surface of the base of the building. For this, a bitumen-kerosene solution is used.
- A layer of mastic is applied on top. It must be bitumen. This is done with a spatula.
- Without waiting for the mastic to dry, it is necessary to drown in it a reinforced fiberglass mesh. We are talking about ordinary plastering and painting cells - 2 x 2 mm.
- The first layer of coating will dry in about a day. Then the surface is again treated with mastic. Thus, the reinforcing mesh is completely hidden.
Trench type drainage involves the use of special pipes. Therefore, this option is the most difficult and costly. He should be given special attention.
Subtleties of arrangement
You need to start by preparing the foundation. All elevation changes are very carefully measured using a laser level. After this, the towers should be installed at the appropriate points. Sand is sprinkled on the marks. This provides the required slope for the pipeline. Thanks to these measures, the correct drainage of water to the receiving ditch is carried out. It is mainly located in a specially constructed drainage well or in a remote place.
Work algorithm
A special geotextile fabric is laid on a previously prepared base. On top of it should be washed washed gravel. It is necessary to monitor compliance with the slope. A groove is required in the gravel layer. There you need to lay a perforated drainage pipe. Keep in mind the depth of the ditch. It should be below the level of freezing of the soil. In addition to perforated pipes, continuous ones are also laid in the ditches . This is done to drain the water that drains from the adjacent areas. These include, in particular, surfaces covered with ceramic tiles, asphalt, concrete, and so on, or the roof of a structure. So, a general drainage system is formed. It is logical that some homeowners want to save on pipes and use only perforated pipes, where the discharge of water from the outside will also go. However, this is not worth doing. This situation can lead to a constant blockage of rainwater, washing away a large amount of earth, sand and various debris from the adjacent sites and roofs. Thus, the perforated pipes will soon become clogged with sediment. After that, the drainage system will no longer be able to function normally and will fail.
Necessary materials
Plastic pipes are most often used to drain water from the site. Fittings, as well as additional designs are used to connect the remaining parts and their output into a special well. The advantage of these pipes is their anti-corrosion properties. They provide a long service life.
Self-made perforated pipe
A PVC element is required, which is designed for a sewage device. Drill holes in the walls of this pipe. Their sizes should be smaller than fractions of gravel. After that, the drainage pipes must be connected. Then you need to check the overall slope. The recommended limit is 1 cm per meter. To determine the uniformity of the angle, a stretched cord is required. Vertical pipes must be integrated in every turn of the pipeline. If necessary, they will allow flushing the drainage system. These pipes are always closed with tight covers. Their height should reach the blind area of the site or building. Carefully wrap pipes with geotextiles. Skipping gaps is not allowed. Otherwise, soil may enter the system. The material must be fixed on the pipes. For this, kapron or polypropylene twine is used. It is also necessary to increase the filtering surface of the drainage. It is covered with a layer of gravel (up to 20 cm). Next, coarse river sand is used. It is a non-porous backfill soil. Sand serves as a drainage filter, the throughput of which is very high.
Well arrangement
It is necessary to establish the junction of the drainage branches. The prefab well should be equipped there. For this, it is best to use reinforced concrete rings. If the owners have time and desire, they can independently "pour" the walls of the well. This will require concrete mortar and reinforcing mesh. The foundation soil must be selected at the intersection of the drainage pipes. In order to close it, you need a cast-iron hatch. The latter can also be made of other durable materials. During work on backfilling, insulation of the sewage outlet is a prerequisite. To do this, it is best to use polystyrene foam. Its thickness should be at least 25 cm.
Output
Thus, we can say that there are no special difficulties in the independent arrangement of the drainage system. First of all, close attention should be paid to the correctness of preliminary calculations. Thanks to this, the right amount of consumables will be purchased. In the process of the work itself, it is necessary to carefully monitor the observance of the required bias.
Price Aspects
This question concerns primarily those who are going to order a drainage system around their home. Pricing may vary. The cost is set per meter of running pipe (or 1 m 3 of excavated soil). Also, do not forget about the concept of "turnkey". This will mean that the final price includes work and materials. The approximate cost of the drainage system around the house:
- “Turnkey” - 2000 rubles (per 1 m 3 ).
- Wall drainage up to 2.5 m - 5500 rub.
- Arrangement of a well - up to 30 thousand rubles.