One of the new building materials that have already gained popularity is sandwich panels. They consist of two facing sheets and a heat-insulating filling glued with two-component adhesive. In a section remind a sandwich beloved by many.
They are used in the construction of ASG buildings for the construction of walls and partitions, for the assembly of roofs, the design of door and window slopes, and corners in rooms. The use of three-layer panels (TSP) reduces the construction time, without affecting the quality of the building under construction.
TSP construction
Sandwich panels differ in the type of material used for the facing layers, the heat-insulating filling, the type of castle system, the dimensions and the intended use.
Types of materials for external sheets of sandwich panels
As a facing layer for panels can be used.
- Cold rolled steel of various grades depending on operating temperature.
- PVC is a sheet of foam, hard and laminated plastic.
- Varieties of particle boards, such as fiberboard, chipboard, DSP.
Products using the latest facing material are called SIP panels. They are mainly used in frame construction of private houses, industrial buildings, warehouses, garages, etc. The mounted structure withstands in the longitudinal direction a load of about 9 tons per square meter, and in the transverse - 1.5 tons per linear meter.
PVC panels are most often used for finishing door and window slopes, as well as in various structures as partitions. Products with a hard plastic sheet are usually white. Their strength is higher than that of parts with a foamed PVC sheet, and the material density is 1.4 g.
Laminated panels are the most reliable and durable. Due to the peculiarities of the material manufacturing technology, laminated plastic sheets are obtained with a diverse decorative surface.
Steel sandwich panels - the best performance. They are used in industrial and residential construction for the construction of internal and external walls, partitions, roof coverings. The outer sheets are coated with a weatherproof polymer film. They are resistant to temperature differences outside from -45 to +85, inside - up to +85.
They can be used in areas with heavy snow and wind loads. With the correct calculation and competent installation of the supporting structures of the building, from steel panels, according to GOST 32603-2012, can be built in earthquake-prone areas.
According to the design of the outer and inner layer of the panel there are: smooth, wavy, trapezoidal, with knurling. Roofing products are produced only with deep trapezoidal profiling, which gives the profile ribs increased rigidity. Due to this, precipitation does not linger on the surface.
Types of insulating filler
Optimum indoor climate is achieved thanks to the heat-insulating inner layer of the sandwich panels. Physico-mechanical properties of the fillers depend on the material used.
As the inner layer use:
- extruded polystyrene foam (EPS);
- mineral wool (Mineralwool);
- polyurethane foam (Urethane).
EPS sandwich panels are characterized by high strength and resistance to compression, durability, absolute moisture resistance, resistance to ultraviolet rays.
Due to the structure, the material can be subjected to heavy loads, not without reason it is used in the construction of the roadway. When impregnated with a special anti-foam compound, fire resistance increases. At a temperature of +80, EPS boards begin to melt. Therefore, their use in the southern regions is undesirable.
A three-layer plate with a layer of mineral wool has excellent insulating properties, a high degree of incombustibility, resistance to the effects of living organisms, and inertness to chemicals. Strength and resistance to compression are lower than EPS. Mineral wool as a filler is used in panels with steel cladding, so these indicators are not critical when choosing a product. The big disadvantage is the low moisture resistance of the material.
Plates using polyurethane foam are light weight, excellent water resistance, inertness to chemicals, non-toxic, high resistance to ultraviolet rays. The disadvantages include low strength, resistance to compression.
Types of castle systems
In the manufacture of wall panels, the longitudinal edges on the one hand are made in the form of a groove, on the other, a ridge. On wide parts, the double shutter mechanism Z is used, in this case the locking connection is symmetrical with respect to each other.
There is another option for reliable pairing of Sekret-Fix panels: hidden fastening, supplemented by screws.
In roof sandwich panels, the side with the ridge is equipped with an additional latch, matching in shape and size with the trapezoidal profile of the adjacent product. The result is a strong connection that can be supplemented with various roofing strips.
Dimensions
According to GOST 32603-2012, the thickness of the product depends on the type of filler and ranges from 5 to 25 cm. The width of wall sandwich panels is from 90 to 120 cm. As for the length, from 2 m to 14 m.
If used for slopes, sandwich panels, width - 1.5 m, length - 3 m.
In roof products, the thickness reaches 35 cm. Length - up to 16 m. In roof sandwich panels, the width is 1 m. As for the height of the profiled rib - 4 cm.
Those. purchasing products, the dimensions of the sandwich panels (width, length, height) can always be selected.
Mounting
Before carrying out the installation, they receive and study the design and installation documentation. Check and, if necessary, eliminate the deviations of the supporting structures from the given sizes, rust on the surface of the metal structures. The lateral edges of the panels are examined; if there is a protruding insulation, remove the excess with a scraper. During installation do not allow moisture to penetrate the ends of the products.
With horizontal installation, mechanical grips are fixed on the lateral edges of the panels, for insurance they are pulled by textile belts and installed on the design position.
With vertical mounting, the parts are lifted using grippers, fastened through drilling. The remaining holes are closed with fittings or fasteners.
The best option for lifting panels is the use of mechanisms with vacuum suction cups.
For assembly cutting using electric scissors, jigsaws, circular or band saw for metal. They provide a low temperature when cutting and drilling panels. The use of angle grinders is prohibited, because with significant heating, there is a violation of the strength of the connection of the insulation with the facing sheet.
Sandwich panels are attached to structures made of different materials. It can be wood, steel, concrete. The type of fasteners is selected, taking into account the type and thickness of the supporting structure, the thickness of the part itself is also taken into account. The self-tapping screw is fixed at a distance of at least 5 cm from the edge of the panel.
When installing panels on a concrete surface, special dowels are used as fasteners.
If the panel is attached to a wooden or steel structure, then self-tapping screws are used.
In any case, all fasteners should be located at an angle of 90.
Installation of wall panels
Wall panels can be installed in vertical and horizontal position. With horizontal installation, installation begins in the direction from the bottom up, that is, from the foundation. At elevated groundwater level, the base is insulated with a special material and sealant.
With vertical mounting, installation begins from the top corner of the building. After installation, every third panel controls compliance with the dimensions and verticality of the resulting surface.
During installation, they monitor the tightness of the locks on the side edge of the products. With significant fluctuations in the average annual temperature, the grooves of the lock on the inside are additionally insulated with silicone sealant. In the Far North, the tool is laid in the grooves of the castle and from the outside. A sealant is also required before installing the next panel.
Installation of roofing panels
Roofing panels are installed on roofs with a slope of no more than 7. If the length of the slope is more than 12 m, the installation of the plates is performed, moving from the slope towards the ridge and laying the panels with an overlap.
The top panel is attached to the bottom with self-tapping screws at a distance of 50 mm from each other. After installing two rows of plates, they begin to longitudinally fix the products: the screws are twisted into profiled stiffeners.
Installation with sandwich panels helps to get a smooth surface of the walls that is not required for additional finishing in the shortest time, reduce the cost of arranging a warm roof.