To date, dentists have identified a large number of various deformations of the jaw, due to which there are many problems with the health and appearance of a person. One of these jaw deformities is prognathia. This is a condition in which the upper jaw hangs over the lower. If, on the contrary, the lower jaw comes forward, then this deviation will be called progeny. There are many cases where both of these diseases overlap.
The main reasons for the development
Prognathy is a disease that can be accompanied by many different factors. Consider the most common of them:
- Constant nasal congestion and breathing through the oral cavity. As a result, the jaw begins to stretch forward.
- The development of various diseases of the jaw apparatus that occur during breastfeeding.
- The child has such bad habits as sucking a finger, lower lip. This may contribute to the extension of the lower teeth.
- The jaw will form incorrectly if the baby has incorrect posture and he walks with his head bowed.
- A consequence of diseases associated with bone tissue.
- Very early extraction of primary teeth.
As you can see, basically, prognathy is a disease that begins to develop in childhood.
The main varieties of this disease
There are several basic forms of prognathia, which will be described below.
First form. This deformation is formed as a result of abnormal development of the lower jaw. Moreover, the upper pathology does not have.
In the second form, the opposite is true. The lower jaw is developed normally, while the upper jaw remains underdeveloped.
The third form is characterized by the presence of deformations in both jaws at once.
In the fourth form, the front upper teeth (usually twos and units) are squeezed forward.
Signs of the disease
Prognathy is a pathology that has the following symptoms:
- In a sick person, the middle part of the face stands out very strongly. The lower lip is shortened, and the muscle tissue of the mouth is always in tension.
- The upper teeth noticeably extend beyond the oral cavity, while biting the lower lip. This condition is characterized by the fact that the patient cannot completely close his mouth.
- Another sign of this disease is a large clearance between the upper front teeth, as well as their crowding.
Main symptoms
How can a patient understand that he has a disease such as prognathy of the jaw? It all depends on the individual characteristics and form of the disease itself. Most often, patients complain of such inconveniences:
- it is very difficult to bite food, as the incisors protrude very strongly;
- in some cases, serious difficulties arise with the speech apparatus;
- there are difficulties in oral breathing;
- the oral cavity is reduced in volume, so the patient cannot chew food thoroughly enough.
How to correct this effect
Lower prognathia, just like upper prognathia, needs to be adjusted in childhood. If the bite is already completely incorrectly formed, then correcting this defect will not be so easy.
Therefore, try to discern in the child's bad habits, such as sucking foreign objects. At the initial stage of the disease, the doctor will be able to correct the bite of milk teeth.
To correct this pathology, the following methods are actively used:
- sanitation of the nasopharynx and mouth;
- special compressive dressings that stop the processes of improper jaw formation;
- activator tools that can stop the development of the upper jaw, and, conversely, stimulate the upper;
- In some cases, the Frenkel apparatus is used , with which the jaw acquires the absolutely correct shape.
During treatment, parents should ensure that their baby does not stick foreign objects into their mouths.
If the disease is eliminated by the surgical method, then in this case the tissues are cut, and the jaw goes to the right side at a certain angle. This is done so that the upper and lower teeth touch each other.
After that, the bones are splinted in the correct position, and grow together for two months.
The consequences of this disease
If prognathy of the upper jaw has not been eliminated in childhood, then an adult can begin with many problems, namely:
- Psychological trauma associated with a damaged appearance.
- Poor chewing of food, which will lead to malfunction of all organs of the digestive system.
- Lisp and other disorders of the speech apparatus.
- People with incorrect tooth position are much more likely to suffer from caries.
Please note that prognathia is a fairly serious disease that requires immediate treatment. Therefore, do not put off treatment in a long box, but start it right away.