After the construction of a wooden house, any owner raises the question of how to make interior and exterior decorating. Most often, wooden structures have beam ceilings, which, when performing finishing operations, try to close. For these purposes, it is necessary to arrange a draft ceiling.
A wide variety of modern materials allows you to create beautiful and aesthetic ceiling structures. Therefore, how and what to hem the ceiling in a wooden house, you need to think about even at the stage of designing and building a house. In this case, the choice of material and features of the work is of no small importance.
Purpose of the draft ceiling
For high-quality finishing work, the draft ceiling is hemmed on wooden beams. This design is provided for laying a layer of thermal insulation and waterproofing, as well as fixing a decorative layer or suspended ceilings.
Draft ceilings are not able to protect the interior from the cold, which is why a multilayer thermal insulation system is made. In a one-story wooden building, in the attic, special insulation boards can be laid or a layer of wood sawdust can simply fall asleep.
Also, a draft ceiling can be arranged in buildings with reinforced concrete floors. In this case, it serves mainly for high-quality insulation of the room.
Features of the draft ceiling
Typically, the design of the draft ceiling is carried out at the stage of drawing up the general design of the building. This applies to premises that are equipped with the construction of new houses. If the acquired dwelling requires repair work, there are some features of the ceiling hemming on wooden beams.
In a wooden one-story house for work, it is often necessary to completely dismantle the old coating. If the dwelling is used for permanent residence, then this process greatly complicates the repair process, since in the attics there is often a dry coating of straw with clay or expanded clay. Such a layer during dismantling creates a large amount of dirt and dust.
In a two-story wooden house, it is not practical to completely disassemble the old floor. Therefore, if it is required to file the draft ceiling along the floor beams, the process should be carried out gradually, in small areas. Work is carried out with phased sewing of a layer of insulation. Of course, this technology greatly complicates the repair process, but this is a prerequisite.
Requirements for finishing materials
Any zealous owner, before starting the finishing work, thinks about how to hem the draft ceiling on wooden beams. The most harmonious in wooden houses look overlappings of various types of wood.
The filing of the ceiling on wooden beams should be made with materials that meet the following requirements:
- High resistance to moisture, which can be achieved as a structural feature of the material, and pre-treatment with various moisture repellents.
- During the seasonal operation of the living room, the material must be resistant to low temperatures, as well as to temperature changes.
- Meet environmental and fire safety requirements. This means the absence of emission of harmful substances in both heated and normal state.
- The longevity of the operation of the material will help less often engage in the repair of residential or domestic premises.
- The beautiful appearance of the material will match the overall design of the walls in the room.
Most often, they try to use natural materials that are able to provide adequate air circulation inside the ceiling structure.
Basic materials for the ceiling
Previously, the most commonly used was filing the ceiling over wooden beams with a board. Modern production technologies allow the use of various types of other materials for these purposes.
To achieve quality indicators and create an aesthetic interior of a room, the following materials are used:
- lining;
- plywood;
- plastic panels;
- drywall;
- panels covered with wood veneer;
- solid wood.
All these materials have various properties that must be considered when carrying out construction and repair work. How to hem the ceiling on wooden beams, the owner decides on the basis of his financial situation and aesthetic preferences.
Lining
A board with a groove and tongue for ease of installation and processed on special equipment is called a lining. This natural and environmentally friendly material is very popular for cladding ceilings, as this design perfectly passes air and absorbs excess moisture.
Having a rather long service life, lining is a good heat insulator. And the appearance that conveys the structure of a wooden surface will successfully solve many design decisions.
A wagon is made from hardwood and coniferous wood. Material of several classes is produced, characterized by the quality of wood and the processing method.
Lining classes:
- Extra - characterized by the use of valuable wood, without various bumps and knots.
- A and B class may have minor defects in the structure of the tree, which do not affect the strength of the material at all.
- Class C is made from inexpensive wood, has a large number of knots and slight surface irregularities, so it is considered a budget option.
Through the use of lining, you can create several options for interior decoration:
- For rooms of a small area, mounting the lining in one direction looks good.
- When laying the material between the beams, you can change the direction of the lining, which helps to divide the room into separate functional zones.
- You can create an antique design using material pretreatment with a stain, which also mimics valuable wood species.
Plywood
Plywood is much easier to hem the ceiling on wooden beams than clapboard. This is due to the large sheet size. With the help of multilayer plywood, it is easy to arrange the interior of the room with original design ideas, without the extra costs.
When choosing plywood, the following factors must be considered:
- the number of layers of material affects its strength;
- moisture resistance should be considered for installation in a room without heating;
- the type of wood the material is made of;
- the presence of polished surfaces, for finishing a living room one side of plywood must be processed.
Filing a draft ceiling on wooden beams using plywood is done on a pre-installed crate. The lathing is made of wooden battens or aluminum profiles. Plywood sheets are cut in such a way that the joining point of the material falls on the slats.
To create a flat surface, the holes expand slightly to hide the screw caps. In the future, the joints and screws are covered with putty or covered with a decorative rail. Filing the ceiling with plywood over the beams is in many ways similar to the technology for working with drywall (see below).
Veneer Panels
To enhance the decorative effect, wood panels are covered with a special veneer, which is able to imitate any wood species. Therefore, the question of how to hem the ceiling on wooden beams - with a lining or with veneer panels - has recently been decided in the direction of the latter material. And although the cost of the panels exceeds the price of the lining, they nevertheless gain great popularity, as they are easy to install.
It is easy to do the cladding of the ceiling using veneer panels with your own hands, even without the experience and skill of finishing work. The principle of fixing panels is the same as lining. They are interconnected with the help of special locks (spike and groove), which are installed on each bar.
Array of wood
The massif is made from natural valuable species of wood, therefore it is the most prestigious material for finishing the ceiling structure.
The most important characteristics of the massif are:
- high quality indicators, which entirely depend on the type of wood used in the manufacture;
- natural wood panels have high strength;
- the use of valuable wood ensures a long service life of the panels;
- aesthetic appearance fits perfectly into the interior of any room;
- Thanks to the system of built-in locks, mounting the array is easy to carry out independently.
If, as an answer to the question of how to stitch a ceiling on wooden beams, panels of wood are selected, then you need to evaluate your financial capabilities, since this is the most expensive material.
Plastic panels
The most practical and inexpensive materials for covering the ceiling, in almost any room, are panels made of plastic material. The use of such a coating was made possible thanks to the development of modern production of artificial materials.
Plastic panels are lightweight, which is very important for ceiling structures, they are easy to install even with a stapler, and also lend themselves to being cleaned of dirt.
The main disadvantage of artificial material is the inability to pass air currents, which sometimes leads to the formation of fungus or mold.
If the ceiling has a flat surface, plastic panels can be mounted directly on it. If necessary, correct the curvature of the base will have to mount the crate from wooden battens or aluminum profiles.
It is very convenient to use plastic panels to decorate the bathroom. But they are not suitable for covering the ceiling of the bath.
Drywall
Recently, the ceiling hemming with plasterboard on wooden beams has become very popular. The use of this material allows you to create a perfectly flat ceiling surface, as well as arrange ceiling structures at several levels.
The main advantages of drywall are:
- cardboard sheets are made from natural gypsum, which is an environmentally friendly material;
- the use of drywall allows you to install the structure in the shortest possible time;
- the ability to correct many irregularities and defects of wooden structures;
- the gaps between the cardboard and the base are usually used for laying hidden electrical wiring;
- in wooden houses, you can easily bind the ceiling along the beams;
- the use of drywall allows you to safely implement any design project of the room.
Along with the advantages, there are several disadvantages that need to be addressed:
- the material is afraid of high humidity, therefore, it is necessary to think over the ventilation system of the room or purchase expensive moisture-proof drywall;
- only strict adherence to the process during the installation of drywall will avoid the appearance of cracks and deformation in the joints;
- the need for additional finishing operations.
Drywall installation is carried out on a pre-prepared crate of wooden battens or aluminum profiles. You can mount the material directly on a flat surface of the draft ceiling.
Mounting is carried out using special screws, the use of nails is highly undesirable.
Before hemming a draft ceiling on wooden beams using drywall, it is necessary to understand the following technological nuances:
- drywall installation should be carried out regardless of the walls of the room, in order to avoid its cracking and deformation;
- you need to create a gap between the base of the ceiling and cardboard, to create ventilation of the surface of the material;
- it is necessary to mount the sheets by spacing to prevent the joining of four sheets;
- to produce high-quality reinforcement of joints with a special material for the finishing of drywall.
Performing these simple steps will greatly extend the life of your ceiling.
Ceiling device
Installing the draft ceiling is easy on your own. But before you hem the draft ceiling on wooden beams, it is necessary to assess the condition of the supporting structures. If there are traces of mold or fungus on the beams, then it is necessary to clean the affected areas and treat them with an antiseptic solution. Cracks and chips must be puttied. These actions will not allow the further development of microorganisms that affect wood.
Most often, for the installation of a draft ceiling, an edged board is used, which must be impregnated before installation with a special septic tank. This will extend the life of the coating.
The houses made of wood have ceilings made by a continuous run or a hemming design. Sheathing of rolling ceilings is carried out according to a previously prepared crate. But the beam false ceiling is made of boards hemmed between the supporting beams.
To make a draft ceiling, you must perform the following work:
- Before hemming the ceiling on wooden beams from below, it is necessary to attach a vapor barrier film from the side of the room. The film can be fixed with a stapler.
- Then, the draft ceiling from the edged board is hemmed along the beams.
- The next step will be the installation of thermal insulation material. As such material, mineral wool, polystyrene or expanded clay can be used.
- Then, a second vapor barrier layer is applied over the insulation layer.
- The final step will be a lag for the sub floor.
Edged boards are beaten without a gap, close to each other.
Ceiling decoration with wooden beams
Many lovers of the old style want to hem the ceiling between the beams as in a rustic hut. For these purposes, it is not necessary to close existing load-bearing beam structures. Have to carry out additional processing of beams. There are no strict rules for processing, here the desire and imagination of the owner of the room come to the fore.
The wood must be cleaned of bark, and then brushed or textured. These operations give the beams a natural aging effect.
It is possible to purchase ready-made decorative beam structures in the construction market, and modern manufacturers offer products not only from wood. False beams are made of polyurethane, and have a small weight and the appearance of natural wood.
How to hem the ceiling on beams created artificially, each owner decides independently. In this case, the wood massif looks very beautiful, but its cost is quite high.
The device of the ceiling in the bath
Registration of a suburban area with a wooden house will be incomplete if there is no bathhouse on its territory. Therefore, after its construction, the question “how to hem the ceiling in a bath between beams” arises. In principle, the technological process of performing the decoration of the ceiling in the bath room is not much different from a wooden house.
The main attention should be paid to the correct selection of material for the ceiling design of the bath. Since the room temperature must be maintained at a high level, you need to create a good layer of thermal insulation.
According to the law of physics, warm air rises, so the ceiling material must be moisture resistant and can withstand high temperatures. Hardwood is used for covering the ceiling. Coniferous material emits tar at high temperatures, so it cannot be used.
Most often, a false draft ceiling made of boards is arranged in the bathhouse , since this type of design fully meets all the requirements. As a finishing layer, a lining is often used.
Ceiling works in a wooden house are not particularly difficult. Therefore, they can be performed independently. The main thing is to decide on the material for creating the ceiling structure, which modern industry offers a wide variety of.