In the receipts of payments for the apartment there is a line called ONE. What it is? The abbreviation stands for "common household needs." And here is what they enter and how the calculation is made - we learn from this article.
ONE: what is it?
Each house that is connected to the power grid receives the energy taken into account at the entrance to the building. It is used for consumption inside the apartment and in common areas. A common house meter counts all the electrical energy that goes into an apartment building.
Not everyone understands the definition of ONE: what it is and how this indicator is reflected in the receipt. The fee is charged not only for the lighting of the porches. This includes the consumption of electricity in the basement and in the attic, the work of fire-fighting appliances, intercoms, pumps - that is, all electrical equipment that provides a comfortable stay for all residents. The heating of the common area and so on is also taken into account.
Each house has its own set of electrical equipment. In addition, all technological losses in the network inside the building are also paid as common house needs.
ONE and ODPU
There are houses in which there is no common house metering device (ODPU). Then ONE are charged separately. Even if there is a device inside the apartment, the owner must pay ONE according to the standards. Therefore, if a meter is not installed in the apartment, then utilities are paid according to the standards with the addition of ONE.
If ODPA is installed, then, for example, the tariff for hot water should be paid taking into account the difference between the total volume received by the building and the water consumed from the apartments. The difference is distributed between the owners, taking into account the area of ​​their housing or the number of people living.
What premises are classified as ONE?
Based on article 36, paragraph 1 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, property of general house value includes premises that are not parts of apartments. It:
- stairs
- platforms between them;
- corridors;
- floors for technical use;
- attics;
- basement with utilities;
- other premises that are not owned by individual owners, but are needed to meet social needs, such as roofs and roof structures, life support equipment for more than one apartment, adjoining land plots and objects located on them.
How to calculate ODN (general information)
The calculation of ONE depends on the method of accounting for the consumption of electricity, heat and water, that is, the presence or absence of common house meters. If a home meter is installed, then payments are made on the basis of Government Decision No. 354 of May 6, 2011, and if not, in accordance with Government Decision No. 258 of March 28, 2012.
If such meters are available, then the readings of the appliances in the apartment should be summarized, and then the amount from the readings of the common house meter should be subtracted.
If there is none, then the costs are calculated based on the area of ​​the common areas and the residents living in the apartment according to the scheme established by the communal organization. The amount is distributed among the apartments, depending on their area or people living in houses according to established standards. Usually the fee in houses without common house meters is much higher than the one where they are installed.
Formulas in the calculations
If there is no meter in the house, then common house needs are calculated according to the introduced standards. At the same time, the aforementioned resolution approves the formulas, and the standards themselves are introduced directly by administrations or organizations supplying resources.
The general formula is as follows: V ONE = Standard * S ONE. Where V is the volume of ONE, and S is the area of ​​the premises consisting of common property.
The following services are the normative standards for ODN:
- The gas standard unit is always zero if there is no meter in the house. If available, common-house needs can be positive or negative.
- The unit of heating standard is calculated in Gcal / m² and is equal to the standard for apartment heating.
Electricity ODN is calculated in kW * h / m².
The unit of the norm for water supply is calculated in cubes per square meter and consists of two parts:
- One component is equal to 0.0903 cubic meters per person per month per square meter of ONE area.
- The other part is calculated according to technological losses in relation to the total consumption, which consists of the standard cubic consumption per person living in the apartment. Losses are calculated depending on the number of floors in the house. The formula here is: (0.2 + 0.07 * L) / 4.3.
For example, in a ten-story building, losses will amount to about twenty-one percent. Of course, such a large share looks clearly overpriced. Or maybe it was introduced to stimulate the installation of meters. If the house meter is installed, then in ONE calculation consists of the following volumes of gas, heating, electricity and gas supply.
- The actual volume of needs outside the apartments (for example, heating and staircase lighting).
- Spent volume during an accident.
- Losses in utility networks.
- Overexpenditure or shortage inside apartments in which there are no individual meters.
- The formula here is as follows: V ONE (1) = V house (2) - V account (3) - V norms (4) - V deduction (5). Here: 1 - the volume of ONE; 2 - consumption by the meter at home; 3 - the sum of the counters in all apartments; 4 - the amount of standards in apartments where there are no meters; 5 - deduction from another service.
The result is the volume of ONE, the accounting of which includes the above parts. Each of them individually can no longer be calculated. But the total amount is.
Examples of calculating ONE
Consider a few specific cases.
If a store is located near the house that is connected to the house networks, its expenses must be taken into account. If the consumed services are paid according to an individually installed meter, then when calculating its data is included in the deduction and excluded from the ONE.
When disconnecting the riser at the request of one of the apartments (for example, when replacing the battery), the volume of drained water should be included as a paid service in the personal account of this apartment. He is also excluded from ONE.
If the central water supply does not provide hot water, the volume of cold water for heating is deducted from the ONE. Cold water in this case should be paid as hot water supply.
The common house heat meter can also be used for the “heating” service, calculating the amount that is spent on the supply of hot water.
If there are no individual counters, but a common house is used, then the following formula is applied: V ONE (1) = (V house (2) - V deduction (3)) * S ONE (4) / S house (5). Here: 1 - the volume of ONE; 2 - consumption by the counter in the house; 3 - deduction from another service; 4 - area of ​​common property; 5 - the volume of personal accounts and the area of ​​common property.
For personal accounts, the following formula is used: V ind. (1) = (V house (2) - V calculation (3)) * S ind. (4) / S house (5). Here: 1 means the volume of the personal account, and 5 - the sum of the areas of all personal accounts together with the areas of common value.
According to personal accounts, the general house volume of needs is distributed depending on a positive or negative value.
If the volume is positive, the data obtained is distributed among all consumers of services, which include apartments, as well as offices and shops. Payment of ONE is carried out in proportion to the area of ​​personal accounts.
With a negative volume, the distribution occurs only on residential personal accounts. Moreover, all services are calculated in proportion to the number of people attached to each personal account, and the heating service is proportional to the occupied area.
Why is the total volume significant?
The amount of payment in ONE, equal to ten percent of the total cost of payment for a receipt, is considered normal. If the amount of this category exceeds thirty percent, there is cause for concern. First you need to analyze the general information, breaking down the entire payment in parts: how much money is spent on the operation of elevators, lighting, pumps, and so on. Based on the data obtained, it is worth thinking about energy efficiency and, possibly, to carry out a number of measures aimed at energy conservation. In this case, specialists of a corresponding orientation are involved in the work, and those, in turn, recommend and implement the necessary technologies and equipment.
In particular, if the electricity of ONE on the common-house meter turns out to be very large, the tenants must jointly identify the cause.
Significant amounts for general household needs often indicate that the electrical wires are far from in the best condition. Thus, the meter captures many kilowatt hours. Responsibility for the incoming electrical energy lies with the organization that services the respective networks. If there is no organization, then this responsibility lies with the tenants themselves.
In addition, due to illegal consumption, an indicator called “electricity ONE” may also increase. For example, if the residents of a certain apartment were disconnected from electricity for non-payment, but they connected to the network unauthorized, you should immediately contact the service organization so that their access to intra-house communications is limited, since the energy they consume is used for common house needs. Earlier, the accrual of ONE also depended on the availability of meters among the residents. If there was none, then they had to pay for electricity in accordance with applicable standards, as well as for the share of energy that goes from the consumption needs of the whole house. Naturally, the standards showed only an approximate value. Currently, in accordance with Federal Law No. 261 “On Energy Saving”, individual meters must be installed in all apartments. Thus, the problem was resolved.
The ONE testimony can also be affected by the timely transfer of meters to the organization serving them.
How to reduce the amount of accruals for ONE?
If the amounts for general household needs come too large, then most often the following steps should be taken.
By electricity:
- check for unauthorized connection of electricity by residents;
- replace electrical wiring - it can be very worn out in old houses, as well as damage and a lot of twists, and this leads to resistance of the system and as a result to loss of electric energy (for this purpose, home owners have the right to apply to the Criminal Code for the organization to conduct an energy audit for the need to replace wiring);
- install LEDs instead of incandescent bulbs.
On the issue of water supply:
- install individual meters for payment according to consumption, and not according to standards;
- provide meter readings in a timely manner.
On the issue of heating - if there is a common house meter, it is worthwhile to seal the interpanel joints, replace the old windows and heat the pipes in the basement.
With good insulation, heat loss will be minimal. Many open windows in the winter and release heat. But it is more advisable to install a control valve on radiators in apartments. This is usually done before the start of the cold season so that you do not need to drain the water from the riser.
In addition to the above indicators, the fee for ONE may depend on:
- reliability of information about the area of ​​common property;
- actual number of people living.
So, with one registered person according to the standards of electricity and water, it will go much less than with five residents. Therefore, if people live in an apartment for more than five consecutive days, then the standards must be paid according to the actual number of people living. The owner of the premises must notify the Criminal Code.
If the OPU or ISP are faulty
In the event of failure of individual or general use devices, as well as failure to provide testimony by the owner, the fee will be calculated from the date when the device became faulty or from the beginning of the billing period if it is not possible to calculate the date.
The average volume of resource consumption, which is calculated from the last twelve months, and for heating from the heating period, is taken into account. When operating the OPU or ISP for less than a year, the actual operating time is taken into account, but not less than three months.
If it is not possible to take readings from the ISP for three months, and the test procedure for two months, the data will be calculated according to current standards.
Instrument Check
OPU and IPU should be checked at least once a year, and if they are in the consumer’s premises, then no more than once every three months.
In this case, all homeowners must be notified of the impending verification by a written notice in which they must sign or send a message with the exact date. After the notice, the owner is obliged to inform within seven days of the inspection terms convenient for him.
Some more questions about ONE
Since mid-2012, public spaces (MOS) have not been taken into account when calculating receipts.
Regardless of whether someone is registered in the apartment or not, ONE will be charged and distributed depending on the area of ​​the apartment. Thus, neither the number of people registered, nor the number of actually living people will affect this indicator.
In the absence of the owner’s apartment in the apartment for general needs, he should still pay in the general manner.
Conclusion
From the article we learned about ONE: what it is, what moments are taken into account in the calculations and how they are implemented. The current legislation shows flaws and gaps related, for example, to common house meters (an independent decision to install or pay according to the standards). In some houses where management is carried out in an organized manner, there will be no problems, but, for example, in the HOA there may appear both various abuses and simply unresolved issues, as a result of which the residents directly suffer.