Surely, you have many times seen in a movie or movie a hero holding a tablet with his name or surname and a strange postscript - PhD. In this case, the main character, most likely, worked at a university or college. Or indirectly connected with science, why he received such a title. But what does it mean?
PhD - what is it?
PhD is a degree that can be fully transcribed as Doctor of Philosophy, and literally translated as "Ph.D." PhD (usually pronounced pi-hi-di) is a degree awarded in the West, as well as in some countries of the former USSR, in particular in Kazakhstan and Ukraine.
It is interesting that this degree is awarded for special successes not only in the study of philosophy, but also in other fields of science. For example, you can get a Ph.D. in literature or chemistry. Obtaining a PhD degree is the last step in getting an education.
There is also a variant of PhD called Sc.D. This name stands for "Doctor of Science" or Doctor of Science. This degree is awarded by a special commission for achievements in some areas of science. However, this regalia is equal to PhD, there are practically no differences between the two degrees.
PhD History
The first mention of this degree is found in France, Italy and the UK. They are dated to the XII-XIII centuries. In medieval universities, there was a standard structure, which implied that the institution has four faculties: philosophy, jurisprudence, theology and medicine. The following academic degrees are awarded to three of the four qualifications: graduates of the faculty of law - doctor of law, medical - doctor of medicine, theological - doctor of theology. All other students receive a Ph.D. So it was now, so it is now.
Preparing for a degree
Before you try to get a Ph.D., you must complete a master's degree and become a master's degree in any field of science. After overcoming this stage, you can try your hand at defending a doctoral dissertation.
It should be remembered that the PhD degree is a hard work for several years. You will have to study the chosen topic yourself. It is important to choose one that has not been thoroughly studied by your colleagues. At the time when you will research the selected topic, you will be able to seek help from your supervisor or another expert who will help you deal with the difficulties that arise on the way to obtaining the coveted degree.
PhD degree
So, to get a Ph.D. or PhD, you need to write a doctoral dissertation. This requires a thorough study of the list of literature on your chosen topic. After you have become familiar with all the information you need to work, you can start writing a dissertation. To do this, you, as well as other PhD writers, will have to conduct your research on this topic, interview users and residents of your locality, collect information and analyze the results.
Next, you need to provide your own abstracts on the topic of your choice. A thesis is a statement summarizing the essence of your work. They must be presented at the beginning and end of the doctoral dissertation. After you have decided on the theses, presented them to your supervisor, you can start writing the dissertation itself. To do this, it is necessary to draw up a plan, which must be adhered to in the process of work.
So, the dissertation is written, it remains to draw up a list of references and provide the expert commission with the results of your research. You will be assigned a dissertation defense day. If all goes well, you will become a PhD.
Stages of writing a doctoral dissertation for PhD degree
The first stage is the beginning of work on the project. At this time, you need to decide on the supervisor, topic and dissertation abstracts. During this period, a work plan is drawn up. The most important thing at this stage is to pick up literature on the topic that you will be working on for such a long time.
Also, the catch lies in the fact that you will need to come up with something that scientists have not yet worked on. In other words, find a topic that is not covered in scientific journals. You must become a "pioneer" in its development. Be prepared for the fact that you have to look for new materials for a long time, create projects, delve into the libraries.
At the end of the first year, you can renew your master's work. This will happen if you originally planned to get a master's degree, but now decided to get the status of Dr. PhD. But for this you need to work hard. If you provide a successful result of your research, you will be transferred to a PhD student.
In the second year, you will need to focus on the study itself. At this time, all your research, work should give results. Ask your supervisor for help, he should help you deal with all the difficulties that will arise in your way to completing your dissertation. At this time, you reveal yourself as a scientist, and rightfully deserve the title of PhD research (researcher). The second year of writing a work is the apotheosis of your scientific work, right now you should find as much information, information, data as would be enough for several such works as yours.
In the third year of writing the work, you will need to correctly and competently draw up the finished work, check the list of literature used in the work, all footnotes and notes. At each stage of the work, be sure to show what you get to your supervisor. He will point you to errors in the work, give corrections that you must make timely work.
Now you know that getting a PhD degree is a very difficult but rewarding job. We hope that the difficulties will not scare you.
Does PhD in Russia correspond to doctoral or candidate degree?
Opinions differ on this score. The fact is that there is no exact formulation of this regalia. But it is known that a candidate dissertation in Russia is rated lower than work for the PhD degree. But at the same time, the Russian doctoral dissertation is much more complicated than its western counterpart. Therefore, it will be appropriate to say that the PhD degree is a cross between a candidate and a doctor of science in Russia. In any case, getting an academic title is worth it, as this is your ticket to a happy future.