When preparing a draft budget, both state and local, with the aim of equal distribution of finances among federal entities, as well as between individual branches of production and the national economy, regulation is applied. Its essence lies in the alignment of support systems for territorial or sectoral entities through the use of such forms as subsidies, subsidies, subventions and others. In this case, the government of the country or local administrations must comply with the minimum state standards.
The practice of distributing funds between budget funds of different levels or industries is widely used in the world. In the Russian Federation, more than 70% of financial regulation is allocated from regulatory revenue. What is the subsidy and what role does it play in the domestic economic policy of Russia, the Budget Code of the Russian Federation will exhaustively explain.
Forms of regulation
Among budgets of different levels, funds are redistributed by irrevocably providing financial support in the form of the following main forms of regulation:
- subsidies;
- normative subsidies (transfers);
- subventions;
- subsidies;
- compensation.
The concept of subsidies
What is a subsidy? This is the money allocated by the state or local budget to support unprofitable organizations, enterprises. Those whose sales revenue is less than the cost of production and sale of their products. As well as lower budgets in order to bridge the gap between their costs and revenues. Thus offset the costs, cover losses. The provision of subsidies helps prevent bankruptcy and prevent excess prices for certain consumer services and goods. Part of the cost of these goods is paid from budget funds. This is due to subsidies. Such an instrument in financial policy is widely used in states where administrative regulation of the economy is common.
What is leveling subsidy?
The leveling subsidy is an intergovernmental transfer. It is aimed at smoothing the profitable ability of the object. Grants aimed at balancing the solvency of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are taken into account in the general budget of the state. They are evenly or differentially distributed in accordance with the methodology of the government. Funds allocated from the budget for federal subsidies constitute the Fund for Support of the Subjects of the Russian Federation. The largest amount of finance from this fund is received by the following federal subjects (regions):
- Arkhangelsk.
- Altai region.
- Amur.
- Astrakhan.
- Bryansk.
- Vladimirskaya.
- Volgograd.
Grants for citizens
What is a subsidy for the population, will help to understand a simple example. It is known that some of the citizens in terms of their income are below the level of accepted social standards. In order to maintain financial support for this category of the population, the state can use subsidy mechanisms aimed at partially covering payment for utility bills, expenses for the purchase of social goods and medicines, as well as for benefits. The provision of funds to citizens gives the government the opportunity to spend less money than when subsidizing production and the services provided.
The main directions of using subsidies for the population
The most common types of subsidies for the population of the Russian Federation are:
- regulation of utility tariffs;
- compensation for travel to certain categories of citizens;
- funding for veteran organizations and diverse societies of people with disabilities;
- housing subsidies.