This article will discuss what are the main types of political regimes. Most ordinary people do not think about the various features of the form of government, the ideology of the political regime. So, let's begin to understand.
The concept and types of political regimes
The political regime is a set of methods, methods of exercising power in the state by the political elite. This term is diverse, because every political scientist or other scientist, as well as an ordinary person, has their own view on understanding political reality.
To study the main types of political regime is very important and relevant due to various processes in society. For example, Stalin and Hitler allowed the country to have a rather sweet and romantic constitution with completely democratic provisions. But did it compare with reality? The treatment of people was terrible, they could simply be killed, burned in a furnace, imprisoned, sent to a concentration camp. Therefore, it is real activity and actions that characterize the political regime. The types of political regimes are divided into democratic and undemocratic.
Non-democratic still has its own subspecies: authoritarianism and totalitarianism. In this regard, having opened the textbook on the paragraph “What are the main types of political regimes?”, You will find the following classification: democracy, authoritarian regime and totalitarianism.
In principle, the features of democracy are more or less clear, but what about the difference between the other two terms? The main difference is in penetration.
The totalitarian regime affects all social areas - from how to speak, think, dress, read, and even how to have sex. Authoritarianism penetrates into the political sphere of society, that is, you can easily dress as you wish, go to your favorite cafes, but if you have a desire for fair elections, criticism of the actions of the authorities, shouting about the oppression of rights and freedoms, the state will quickly silence.
Below we give a comparison according to some criteria, so that we can build up knowledge about what the main types of political regimes are.
Who is the regime based on?
At the heart of democracy is the will of the majority of the population. In other words, it is the power of the majority. In such states, people support democratic initiatives.
Totalitarianism is based on marginalized, impoverished and poor sections of urban residents and semi-criminal elements. Take, for example, the October Revolution, because sailors and soldiers who believed in Bolshevik ideology and clear propaganda actions became performers.
Defenders of an authoritarian regime are civil servants, police, officials, the army, and the church. Look at the news stories: if the role of security officials is significant in your country, and civil servants have great power, using it for their own purposes - you live in authoritarianism.
This base has the main types of political regime.
What about the rights and freedoms of citizens?
Democracy is precisely based on the fact that the rights and freedoms of citizens flourish and become sacred. If someone violates the rights of minorities, women or any other communities somewhere, there will be a lot of screams and they will be loud. Democrats believe that a free personality can bring many benefits to the state, living and developing in a full-fledged society.
Totalitarian countries are very fond of declaring, legislating for rights and freedoms, but these are just paper and empty words. Try, joke about power. Expulsion from school, party, dismissal from work - this is the best that still can happen to you. The worst scenario for a joker is to shoot and send his family to a concentration camp.
The authoritarian regime has a constitution, in which everything is very beautifully spelled out, but the legislation only works for the state and for officials associated with it. You killed a person at the transition - sit down, if the deputy did it - there are a lot of ways to hush things up.
After such an analysis, your idea of what are the main types of political regimes should expand, but continue.
Regime and party system
Democratic countries allow many parties to exist. No matter how many, even thousands. Of course, all these organizations cannot come to power, but please register.
The totalitarian regime provides for only one party, the only and officially authorized. She is a state. Creating others is strictly prohibited, but want to try, then get ready to become a convict in a concentration camp, because the leader will not forgive you for this.
Authoritarianism welcomes the existence of several parties, but the ruling and leading will be pleasing to the state. The mayor of the city will certainly be the representative of the party in power.
Economic features in different modes
In democracy, the economy is market, and private property is very important and indestructible. Naturally, there is both state and mixed ownership, but market relations rule the show.
Under a totalitarian regime, the entire economic region is subordinated to the state, and you will not find any private cafes or shops. The economy is in the interests of the country.
Authoritarianism allows the existence of two types of property: private (small and medium-sized businesses) and state (large and important factories).
Features of ideology
A democratic country will not criminalize you for any other views. Nothing and no one should forbid you to express your personal opinion. If this happens - go to court and prove your case.
In totalitarianism, there is only one - a single and correct - ideology, with which you can explain everything. All dissenters are declared enemies of the people.
The authoritarian regime is cunning in this regard. Other ideologies are supposedly allowed, but only one is approved and imposed everywhere and everywhere.
After reading the article, you should have a good idea of what are the types of political regimes and their features.