Serial production of the F16D3A automobile engine began in 2004, the unit replaced the F14D3 model. The British Z16XE analogue used on various Opel brands until 2006 (produced by the British specialized laboratory Lotus Cars) became the prototype for creating the motor. The engine in question was discontinued in 2007. However, on this he did not go into oblivion. The Chevrolet company released its modernized modifications F16D4 and F18D4, which are a slightly improved original.
F16D3 engine: specifications
Below are the detailed parameters of the power unit:
- The working volume is 1598 cubic meters. cm.
- Power indicator - 109 horsepower.
- Speed - 4 thousand rotations per minute (150 Nm).
- The number of cylinders / valves is 4.
- The cylinder size is 79 mm in diameter.
- The displacement of the piston is 81.5 mm.
- Compression - 9.5.
- Power - distributed injection system with an electronic controller.
- Type of fuel - AI-95 gasoline.
- Lubrication - combined (spray + pressure).
- Cooling - closed liquid with forced circulation.
- Net weight - 112 kg.
- The working resource is 250 thousand kilometers.
Most often, the F16D3 engine is used on cars: Lanos, Nexia, Lacetti, Aveo, Cruz.
Device
The considered power unit belongs to the group of four-stroke four-cylinder engines with in-line cylinders and an internal combustion system. The main unit is cast from reinforced cast iron, and the cylinders themselves are bored in the body of the head, which is made of aluminum alloy and provides transverse blowing of the elements.
The Ecotec D family has four spark plug valves located in the center of each cylinder. For this reason, the F16D3 engine uses a 16V DOHC distribution mechanism with 16 valves and a pair of overhead camshafts. The drive is a gear belt. Electronic control received ignition and distributed fuel injection. Forced cooling is performed on a closed circuit.
Features
A combined lubrication system is provided so that engine oil flows to the rubbing vapors by spraying or applying a certain pressure. It comes through special oil channels available in the walls of the head and cylinders.
Another feature of the motor in question is a high level of unification of parts that are interchangeable with analogues. Updated versions under the indices F16D4 and F18D4 have, although minor, but quite individual differences.
About modifications
The 1.6 F16D3 engine is easy to maintain and reliable. Among the disadvantages that negatively affect the stable functioning, the following points are noted:
- CVCP system in the gas distribution unit.
- Electronic control of the exhaust gas recirculation process.
- The presence of hydraulic valve compensators.
These points led to unstable engine idling, a violation of the start, increased oil consumption.
An improved modification of the F16D4 does not suffer from these shortcomings. The developers equipped the updated unit with a new gas distribution phase adjustment unit. Hydrocompensators replaced with calibrated glasses.
Another modification of the F16D3 engine - the F18D4 engine - differs from its predecessors in the increased cylinder volume, therefore, its thrust and power are also greater. Also, the designers managed to increase the resource of the timing belt by 50 percent, the working parts of the valves are made of alloys of chromium, nickel, manganese and silicon.
Service
Depending on the requirements of the car manufacturers on which the unit in question is installed, slightly different requirements are presented to its maintenance. For example, when operating the F16D3 Chevrolet Cruze engine, the following manipulations should be carried out:
- Replace fuel, oil filter elements, as well as used oil every 15 thousand km. run.
- After 60 thousand kilometers traveled, install new spark plugs.
- Check the drive belt and timing roller devices every 100 thousand km, replace these elements after 150,000 mileage.
- It is recommended to replace the refrigerant every 240 thousand kilometers, and air filters - no later than after 50,000 km.
Engine F16D3 "Lacetti", Lanos "," Aveo "
Manufacturers of these brands recommend replacing:
- Engine oil, air and oil filter - every 15,000 km.
- Spark plugs - after 45 thousand km.
- Rollers and timing belt - no later than 45 thousand km. run.
- Refrigerant - every two years.
This type of motor is equipped with hydraulic compensators on the valves, so their adjustment is not required. At Chevrolet Cruze, calibrated glasses are used to regulate valves every 100 thousand kilometers of the distance traveled. Work is carried out on specialized equipment in a car service.
Expendable materials
The General Motors Corporation is engaged not only in the production of cars and motors, but also in automotive chemistry. The products comply with the requirements for the Cruz model and other analogues.
In this regard, the manufacturer recommends the use of engine oil such as GM Dexos 2 Long Life 5W-30. It is an original product, which includes chemical additives in a unique composition, which help to extend its service life and increase the period between replacements.
The concentrated GM Long Life Dex Cool antifreeze has an original composition, anticorrosion properties, contributes to an increase in the boiling peak and does not allow the refrigerant to freeze at low temperatures. Inhibitors included in antifreeze contribute to an increase in operational terms (up to five years or 250 thousand km mileage).
Main malfunctions and methods for their elimination
The F16D3 engine, which has a resource of up to 250 thousand kilometers, has its drawbacks, and if it is improperly maintained or the operating rules are violated, it may fail. Below are the main problems with the motor, their causes and solutions:
- Engine overheating is observed. This trouble can occur due to a thermostat, a pump malfunction, or a clogged radiator. It is recommended to clean the radiator, replace defective elements. For the thermostat, the control period is 50 thousand km. run.
- Do not pull the motor. The fuel grid on the pump is clogged or a malfunction in the high-voltage wires appears. It is necessary to replace the wiring, clean the grid, and in the future use high-quality fuel.
- At idle, the power unit is unstable. The fuel nozzles of the original configuration are clogged. In this case, you should professionally clean the nozzles at the service station.
- There is an oil leak through the gasket. Perhaps the deadline has passed for the replacement of the element, which must be updated every 590 thousand km.
- F16D3 engine valves freeze (motor starts to stall and triple). Most likely, a deposit was formed between the guide sleeve and the valve, making it difficult to move the element. It is necessary to remove carbon deposits, then use high-quality gasoline and warm up the engine to at least 80 degrees Celsius.
- Extraneous noise and knocking are heard in the motor. Mostly, a problem arises with hydraulic valve compensators. It is possible to fix the malfunction only after diagnosis in a car service.
- An unstable, intermittent operation of the power plant is observed. The reason is the appearance of soot on the EGR valve. The plug of the exhaust gas recirculation system will help to temporarily solve the problem .
Tuning
Many specialized workshops suggest improving the parameters of car engines by introducing sports firmware. But, in the case of the Chevrolet Cruze power unit and other engines of the Ecotec series, you get only a slight increase in the output power indicator and a more even traction.
To significantly enhance the performance will require a complex and expensive refinement of power plants. The power of the unit will be over 140 horsepower, if you perform the following manipulations:
- Bore the cylinders under a piston with a diameter of 80.5 mm.
- Use a crankshaft with a stroke index of 88.2 mm in the design (pistons and connecting rods must match the crankshaft).
- Replace the standard camshafts with sports counterparts with split gears .
- Bore inlet and outlet strokes, sand them and mount the enlarged valves.
- Such a refinement, along with sports firmware, will significantly increase the power parameter.
Similar results are obtained when installing a compressor of the type RK-23-1, which provides a boost of the order of 0.6 bar. You also need to replace the cylinder head gasket and use 360 cc injectors along with sports camshafts. Proper tuning of the motor will allow you to squeeze about 150 horsepower out of it.
Since the modernization of the power plant is a rather time-consuming process, it is better to produce it in the conditions of a service station using special devices. Tuning a motor requires not only skills and knowledge, but also attentiveness, since one mistake can negate all efforts.
For the "advanced" tuning of the F16D3 motor you will need:
- Install the turbine and intercooler.
- Mount a reinforced piston block with sockets to reduce compression.
- Use sports camshafts and a turbine oil supply system.
Finally
The timing of the F16D3 engine has some drawbacks in the form of hydraulic valve compensators and a CVCP system in the gas distribution unit, which affects the stability of the unit. However, he has much more advantages, which led to his use on popular car brands - Chevrolet and Daewoo. After minor modifications, all the negative aspects were eliminated, and the updated versions of F16D4 and F18D4 are still successfully used.