Modern designer fashion in the interior and architecture is at the stage of revising the classical, centuries-old styles. The view on the functionality of housing, its ergonomics and aesthetic expression is being revised. Moreover, there is a rather narrow layer of directions that have appeared relatively recently. These include the Bauhaus style, which originated at the beginning of the last century and still preserves the basic principles of organizing living space in the conditions of the industrial era.
Style Overview
The origins of the style took place in Germany in the 20s. Walter Gropius is considered the ideologist of the trend, who in 1919 occupied the chair of the head of the school of design and construction. On its basis, a circle of designers and architects was organized, who developed a concept of style.
It should be noted that the shade of industrialism is not the only thing that by that time was reflected in the new concept. The founders of the direction sought to embody in it the needs of a new person of that time. Oddly enough, much of the inherent in the original principles is relevant today. At the same time, the Bauhaus is an architectural style that goes far beyond interior design. And this applies not only to stylistic features, but also to structural performance, forms and materials.
Principles of style
The style is based on the principle of merging crafts and applied art. This means that the artist becomes a creator and master at the same level with artisans, offering his works to ordinary consumers. In other words, the style does not propose the creation of purely practical forms and objects, but genuine works of art that occupy a place in the architectural ensemble or the interior of a private house.
To combine art and handicraft, the principle of coordinating the efforts of specialists of various profiles was formulated, which could together solve the artistic, technical and economic problems that inevitably arise at different stages of construction. Currently, the Bauhaus is a design style that can be characterized as functional, simple and at the same time modern. The concept of the direction, unlike many styles, does not reject the idea of arranging housing with the introduction of technological effectiveness. And if for decisions of high-tech such solutions in many respects look like elements of aesthetic expression, then the Bauhaus uses them for practical purposes.
Style Reflection Materials
There are few restrictions on the choice of material base, but there is a clear bias towards heavy, durable and reliable structures. In particular, the main material can be called metal. Today, it is practically not used in interiors, but the exterior finish may well be made using metal siding, shaped structures and beams.
The premises are dominated by plastic and glass surfaces. But in this case, it should be noted that both materials must undergo a special treatment - impregnation or hardening to give strength and reliability. There is a place for leather products that adorn the houses in the Bauhaus style, also introducing shades of naturalness. As for the direct surface finish, plaster is the main means of wall decoration for this style. At least, it acts as a basis on which painting and wallpapering can be applied.
Color schemes
Perhaps this is one of the most democratic styles in terms of choice of colors. Through shades of surfaces and decorative elements, the Bauhaus is practically not expressed. In such houses you can find both cold and warm colors. On the other hand, you can choose the tactics of following the spirit of the industrial style. And then again a heavy or at least neutral texture comes to the fore, emphasized by beige, gray and even black colors.
But one cannot say that conservatism and asceticism are the main things that should reflect the style in the interior of the Bauhaus. The photo below shows that this direction may also be characteristic of the shades of the game and contrast. The addition of blue, yellow and green shades will dilute the boring palette and hardly make the interior less attractive and aesthetically expressive.
Lighting requirements
If a certain freedom is provided in the choice of color design, then there are quite specific rules for lighting. First of all, the organization of the placement of devices should be divided. For each functional area in the room provides its own group of sources. And the emphasis is on built-in lamps, large chandeliers, floor lamps and shades. And in this context, we can emphasize the similarity of modern fashion to LED spot lighting and the Bauhaus style, which also gravitates to functionality and manufacturability. Choosing models of fixtures follows the criteria of power, massiveness and brightness. There should be a lot of light, but at the same time it is necessary to remember the comfort for the eyes. For example, it is advisable to use LED sources only in equipping the ceiling. And for classic designs in the same floor lamps and chandeliers use ordinary incandescent lamps.
Suitable pieces of furniture
Practicality dominates the approach to organizing furniture. Sometimes even to the detriment of ergonomics. So, designers recommend giving up armchairs with armrests and additional devices that increase comfort. The best choice would be compact, transformable items that will not take up much space and allow you to rationally use their functions. In terms of materials, you can recall that the Bauhaus is a style in the interior that focuses on metal, plastic and glass. Indeed, the fashion for eco-style in this design is not traced, which, however, has its positive points. Cases made of plastic and metal are durable and functional, although they do not always look aesthetically pleasing, like furniture made from natural materials.
Decor Elements
The style is indifferent to decorative materials and especially decorations as such. It is not worth completely abandoning such a design, but it is desirable that it carry a certain semantic load. These can be commemorative paintings, photographs, family candlesticks, etc. At the same time, the Bauhaus style does not impose restrictions on combining the aesthetic appeal and functionality of interior components. This means that you can make the desired shades of decor through textiles, carpets, the same wall decoration and lighting fixtures. Each element should be selected based on the general style of the room, which is emphasized in the framework of the Bauhaus direction.
Reflection of style in architecture
This direction in architecture was initially oriented towards the construction of apartment buildings. These were three or four-story houses that formed entire villages for workers. Accordingly, we could talk only about small-sized apartments, from which a certain desire for minimalism comes from. For example, the Bauhaus style in architecture involves the design of monochrome smooth surfaces. If you transfer this genre to the modern soil of the construction of private houses and cottages, then it can organically fit into the concept of optimizing space. This will be a house in the construction of which rationally used inexpensive building materials. Close to this direction is also the idea of frame construction based on house kits. In this case, the building process itself will be optimized.
Conclusion
From the point of view of a modern resident of a metropolis, this style offers many interesting and original solutions. Due to minimal resources, it allows you to organize an original unique interior. But you should also take into account the limitations that distinguish houses in the Bauhaus style - both in the external design and in the internal structure. In particular, you will have to abandon the increased comfort and decorativeness. These qualities are already ensured by the residual principle, and the first place is given to functionality and simplicity. At the same time, there are no restrictions regarding the use of modern communications, technological equipment and apparatus. As in the period of its inception, and nowadays, this style goes towards technological progress and welcomes new tools that expand the possibilities of operating residential space.