Very often, the topic of our everyday conversations and public discussions is politics. It is with political upheavals in the country and in the rest of the world that we usually associate our own well-being, personal prospects, and the future of our children. In such a situation, it is extremely important to understand at least the basic principles of political terminology. What is a republic, monarchy, democracy, dictatorship? Today it is very popular to appeal to the democratic government. In turn, politicians themselves often claim their own liberal views. Let's try to figure it out.
Historical excursion
The term "democracy" comes from two Greek words
Antique period: "demos" and "kratos". Literally - "people" and "power". Thus, the democracy of the Greek polis suggested that the bearer of the highest
form of power is the entire full-fledged population of the city. And government ranks were elected by popular vote. Having understood this concept, it will be easier for us to understand what a republic is.
Later, the banner of the advanced center of culture from the Greeks was intercepted by the Latins. They became the heirs of ancient civilization, borrowing many elements of culture. But at the same time, they brought a lot of new things into it, building a grand Roman civilization. It was the Romans who first gave the world the concept of what a republic is. Translated from Latin, "res" - "business", "publicus" - "general". Thus, the republic is literally a "common, popular affair." It is closely linked to democracy and has basically similar principles according to which the people choose a government. However, this form was forgotten for many centuries, when in medieval states military leaders eventually turned into kings. The form of government that has established itself in these countries is commonly called monarchical. The basis of such a state is the presence of the most royal person. For a long time, absolute monarchies ruled the ball in Europe , when the king’s power was indisputable in any matter of managing the external and
domestic policy of the country. And the interest of the state was directly connected with the interest of the royal dynasty. History knows many examples of wars caused by personal insults of high-ranking persons. However, time passed, and the Renaissance, which exalted humanism and the value of the human person, led to the development of the corresponding ideas of Voltaire, Locke, Rousseau and other philosophers. The masses really remembered what a republic was during the French Revolution of 1789. For the first time since antiquity, non-aristocratic estates declared to the nobles that they also had the right to be called the people and decide the fate of the country. The understanding of what a republic is was formed by the now-famous slogans: “Freedom! Equality! Brotherhood!"
Nowadays
However, today many social processes have become more complicated. What are the current republics? Kazakhstan, for example, has the same form of government. In modern conditions, this means the selectivity of the people of all authorities at all levels. Separation of branches of government into executive
legislative and ship. This is done to ensure the independence of state structures from each other. Thus, the people themselves again become the supreme bearer of power, and the chosen person is only the executor of his will expressed in the elections. In addition, the republican system implies the supremacy of the Constitution - the most important law regulating the main points in the organization of the state. That is, the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan is subject to rigorous execution by any resident of the country, regardless of position.